Veazie v. Wadleigh

CERTIFICATE of Division from the Circuit Court for the District of Maine. An action of trespass was instituted in 1835, in the circuit court of the district of Maine; and the question between the plaintiff and the defendant was, as to the title in certain lots of ground, described in the declaration, in the county of Penobscot, in the state of Maine.

The case came on to be tried before the circuit court, at October term 1835; and the judges of the court being divided in opinion on certain questions arising in the trial of the cause, the same were, at the request of the plaintiff, by the order of the court, certified to the supreme court of the United States. The case was docketed at January term 1836.

On the 15th of December 1836, the plaintiff filed a notice in the circuit court, that the case then under a certificate of division to the supreme court of the United States, was discontinued in the circuit court; and that the same would be discontinued in the supreme court at Washington as soon as that court should meet. The notice also stated the readiness of the plaintiff to pay the legal costs of the defendants, when the same should be made up. Notice of this paper was given to the defendants.

Smith and Butler, of counsel for the plaintiff, moved the court to discontinue the case.

Webster, against the motion, stated, that the action had been brought to try the title to a very valuable quantity of land in Maine; and on the trial, the questions which were decisive as to the rights of the parties to the controversy, had been certified to this court. The cause was continued at the last term of this court, at the instance of the plaintiff, and now he asks the discontinuance of the case; this cannot be done by either party, without the consent of the other. This is the general ground of objection.

At present, there is no discontinuance on the record of the circuit court in Maine, for no discontinuance can take place in vacation. But if application had been made to the circuit court to allow the discontinuance, that court had no power over the case. There is no statute of Massachusetts or of Maine, declaring the cases in which a plaintiff may discontinue. The authority referred to from Dane's Abridgment, is applicable to costs only; it does not recognise it as a general doctrine, that a plaintiff may always discontinue. A discontinuance, after the trial, is always in the discretion of the court; and the rule is universal, that when anything has occurred in the course of the cause, which gives the defendant an interest to have the case decided, the plaintiff cannot discontinue. This is stated in 5 Dane's Abr. 672; 6 Ibid. 194, art. 1, § 12, and in the cases referred to. These authorities show that there cannot be a discontinuance by the plaintiff, where there has been a reference under a rule of court; as the defendant has, by the reference, acquired an interest in the termination of the cause.

The present proceeding is entirely a statutory one, and it was intended to take the place of a provision which should give to the parties in a case a full opportunity of having a final decision in this court over those questions which, when decided, would govern the circuit court in the case. In the early history of the circuit courts, there was no such provision, and when a difference of opinion prevailed between the judges of the court, the case was adjourned to the succeeding term, until another judge of the supreme court should hold the circuit court; these courts being then held by the judges of the supreme court, sitting in rotation, or in succession, in each circuit; and if the court should again be divided in opinion, the judge of the supreme court holding the court should decide. The act of 1802 (2 U.S. Stat. 159), was passed after the judges of the supreme court were assigned to each circuit.

Two ejectment suits, involving the same questions as those presented in this cause, were depending, when the case was certified. The defendant has, therefore, an interest to have the questions settled. But whether he has, or not, it is enough, under the provisions of the act of congress, that he desires to have the law settled.

All the proceedings under this statute are prescribed by it. Nothing is said about the case being withdrawn. The questions upon which the court may divide in opinion are to be certified, and the supreme court are to decide upon them, and certify their decision to the circuit court. When this is done, the plaintiff may discontinue the cause, with the consent of the circuit court; but until the cause is again in the circuit court, he has no power over it. But it is not denied, that, both parties agreeing, the case may be withdrawn. By the provisions of the law, the case may be certified, at the instance of either party; and in the present case, it was done by the plaintiff; the defendant might have done it. The law says the division shall be certified, and that the supreme court shall decide it. Rule nineteen of this court, relating to writs of error, provides, that the plaintiff in error shall not discontinue. If he does, the defendant may go on. This rule, by analogy, applies to the case before the court. Cited, 12 Mass. 49, as to discontinuances.

Smith and Butler, for the plaintiff, contended, that the plaintiff had a full right to discontinue the case in the circuit court, where it was still pending; the certificate not having removed it into this court. The law of Maine recognises this right. 5 Dane's Abr. tit. Discontinuance, 671. The case in 15 Mass. 179, is to the same point.

This is not like a discontinuance after verdict. After this court shall have decided the questions certified, a jury must be called, and the case will proceed. Nothing is in the supreme court but the questions certified, and they are only incidents to the case. By the statute, notwithstanding the fact that questions on which the judges of the circuit court have differed, have been certified, the cause may go on and be tried, unless the questions are such as to prevent it. Cited, Wayman v. Southard, 10 Wheat. 1; United States v. Daniel, 6 Ibid. 542. These cases show, that if the decision on the questions certified shall be a decision of the cause, yet this court cannot give judgment; nor can the whole case be sent up to this court for decision. United States v. Bailey, 9 Pet. 273.

What were the rights of the parties in the circuit court? We aver, that either of them could have had the questions on which the judges differed in opinion certified to this court. The plaintiff alone has chosen to exercise this right. It is admitted, that these questions are important; but if the defendant chose to take the chance of the plaintiff's discontinuing the cause here, he must abide by the consequences. He omitted to secure the decision of this court on these questions, by requesting to have them certified; and the case is now before this court, on the request of the plaintiff only. He withdraws it from the court, and what, then, is its authority to proceed? Until the argument of the case comes on, the record is not here for the benefit of both parties. It is here, until then, only for the party at whose request it had been certified. This does not apply to costs.

It will not be denied, that if this case had been discontinued by order of the court below, this court would not afterwards go on. Has there been a discontinuance? Has it not been substantially withdrawn from the circuit court? Is it technically correct, to say, a case cannot be discontinued, without the act of the court in which it is depending; but yet, substantially, a discontinuance may be made in vacation, which will have the effect of a discontinuance? It is understood, that the act of the plaintiff in this case is, according to the practice in Maine, a discontinuance; and that he cannot now go on in the circuit court with the cause. The paper having been filed, it has become the property of the court and of the defendant; and the plaintiff cannot afterwards appear in the case. The paper states, that the case is discontinued; and this has been followed up by the application now made. No more proceedings can take place. In England, on the filing of such a paper, the court would order a nonsuit.

The statute of Maine, on giving costs on a discontinuance, affirms the right. By the common law, no costs were given on a discontinuance, except in certain cases, on the condition of paying costs. After the jury had retired, and after they have returned, and are ready to give their verdict, the plaintiff must be called, and he may retire. The penalty of costs is imposed in such cases. It is when a party seeks to discontinue, without costs, he must apply to the court. As to the case of a reference under a rule of court, in which it is admitted, neither party can withdraw: here, by agreement, the cause is out of court, and neither party can go to court and discontinue, without the consent of the other. A different tribunal has been substituted, and each party has a right to its adjudication of the case. But there is no such right in this case.

Suppose, the case had been argued and decided in this court, on the points certified, and had gone back to the circuit court of Maine; could that court proceed in the cause, if the plaintiff, on being called, does not appear? Could a venire be issued, and a jury be called? Could he not, after the jury was sworn, suffer a nonsuit? If all this may be done, after the cause has proceeded so far, may not the same be done, in an earlier period of the proceedings?

STORY, Justice, delivered the opinion of the court.