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CONSTITUTION OF THE ITALIAN SOCIAL REPUBLIC

CHAPTER I. THE NATION, THE STATE
Article 1. The Italian Nation is a political and economic organism, whose lineage fully realizes itself with its civil, religious, linguistic, juridical, ethical, and cultural characteristics. It has will, life, and purposes that are superior in power and duration to those of individuals, whether isolated or grouped, who are part of it at any given moment. Article 2. The Italian state is a social republic. It constitutes the integral legal organization of the Nation. Article 3. The Italian Social Republic declares as its supreme objectives:
 * 1. The achievement and preservation of Italy's freedom in the world, so that it may express and develop all its energies and fulfill, in the international consortium founded on justice, the civil mission entrusted to it by God, marked by the twenty-seven centuries of its history, fueled by its prophets, its martyrs, its heroes and its geniuses living in the national consciousness.
 * 2. The well-being of the working people, through their moral and intellectual elevation, the increase of the country's wealth, and a fair distribution of it, according to everyone's productivity in the national community.

Article 4. The capital of the Italian Social Republic is Rome. Article 5. The national flag is a tricolor of green, white and red, with the republican fasces at the tip of the staff. Article 6. The Apostolic and Roman Catholic religion is the only religion of the Italian Social Republic. Article 7. The Italian Social Republic recognizes the sovereignty of the Holy See in international politics, as an inherent attribute of its nature, in accordance with its tradition and the requirement of its mission in the world. The Italian Social Republic acknowledges to the Holy See full ownership, executive and absolute power, and sovereign jurisdiction over Vatican City. Article 8. Relations between the Holy See and the Italian Social Republic are conducted under the concordat system, in accordance with the treaties and the Concordat in force. Article 9. Other religions are allowed, provide they do not profess principles or follow rituals contrary to public order and good morals. The public practice of such religions is also free, subject only to the limitations and responsibilities established by law.

CHAPTER II. STRUCTURE OF THE STATE
Article 10. Sovereignty originates from the whole nation. Article 11. The supreme organs of the Nation are the People and the Duce of the Republic.

PART I. THE PEOPLE, REPRESENTATION
Article 12. The people participate fully, organically, and permanently in the life of the State and contribute to the determination of directives, institutions and acts suitable for achieving the Nation's goals, through their work, political and social activities, using organizations formed by themselves to express the moral, political, and economic interests of the groups they comprise, and through the Constituent Assembly and the Chamber of Representatives of Labor. Article 13. In carrying out its social functions, the State, according to the principles of decentralization, not only utilizes its own direct organs but also harnesses all the forces of the Nation, legally organizing them into territorial and institutional auxiliary bodies. These bodies are granted a sphere of autonomy to carry out their assigned tasks in the most effective and beneficial manner for the Nation.

SECTION I. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
Article 14. The Constituent Assembly is composed of a number of members equal to 1 for every 50,000 citizens. It must represent all the active forces of the Nation, and therefore must include:
 * 1. By reason of their functions, those who, at the time of the Constituent Assembly's meeting, are part of the Government of the Republic and hold specific positions in the central and peripheral administration of the state, in the judiciary, in the educational sector, in local territorial and institutional bodies, and in political and cultural organizations to which the State has recognized or assigned tasks of high national interest. The law determines the positions that entail membership in the Constituent Assembly Members by right cannot exceed one-third of the total members of the Constituent Assembly.
 * 2. By popular election, those designated to be part of the Constituent Assembly by members of organizations recognized by the State as representatives:

Article 15. The Constituent Assembly elects the Duce of the Italian Social Republic. The Constituent Assembly deliberates:
 * Laborers (entrepreneurs, workers, employees, technicians, managers) in industry, agriculture, commerce, credit and insurance, professions and arts, crafts, and cooperation
 * Employees of the state and public entities
 * Former combatants for the national cause, especially decorate and volunteers
 * Families of those who died for the national cause
 * Large families
 * Italians abroad
 * Other categories recognized by law, at certain times in national life, as representing significant public interests The law establishes the requirements and procedures for the recognition of such organizations, as well as, for each of them, the number and methods of election of representatives to the Constituent Assembly.
 * 1. On the reform of the constitutional charter or on exceptional derogations of its norms
 * 2. On topics of supreme national interest that the Duce intends to submit to it, or on which the decision of the Constituent Assembly is requested by the Chamber of Representatives of Labor, with a majority of at least two-thirds of its current members.

Article 16. The Constituent Assembly is convened by the Duce, who sets its agenda. In the event of a request from the Chamber of Representatives of Labor, under the previous article, the assembly must be convened within one month of the vote, and the agenda must include the topics indicated by the Chamber. In the event of the Duce's incapacity, the Constituent Assembly is convened by the Head of Government. In the event of the Duce's death, the Constituent Assembly must be convened for the appointment of a successor within one month of the death.

SECTION II. THE CHAMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES OF LABOR
Article 17. The Chamber of Representatives of Labor is composed of a number of members equal to 1 for every 100,000 inhabitants, elected through direct universal suffrage by all working citizens aged 18 and older. Additionally, by right, the Head of Government, as well as the Ministers and State Undersecretaries, are members of the Chamber of Representatives of Labor. Article 18. Those considered workers include those represented by a recognized professional association and employees of potentially exempt entities. For active electoral purposes, the following are equated with workers:
 * 1. Those who have ceased working due to disability or old age
 * 2. Those regularly attending a course of study at state or accredited schools
 * 3. Those who are involuntarily unemployed or engaged in activities, as determined by law, outside the scope of professional discipline.

Article 19. Those eligible to be elected as representatives of labor must meet al of the following requirements:
 * 1. Be at least 25 years old, or be decorated for military and civilian valor, war volunteers, war mutilated or wounded, or otherwise for the national cause, in which case by at least 21 years old
 * 2. Be eligible to vote
 * 3. Have not been convicted of crimes or acts incompatible with the dignity and prestige of representatives of labor. The law specifies these crimes or acts, excluding those committed for reasons of political beliefs.

Article 20. The members of the Chamber represent the entire working population, not the members of territorial constituencies or professional categories that elected them. Article 21. Representatives of labor cannot assume their functions until they have taken an oath before God and the fallen of the homeland to serve the Italian Social Republic faithfully, to observe its constitution and laws loyally, with the sole intention of the nation's welfare. Article 22. Representatives of labor have the duty to express their opinions and cast their votes according to their conscience and for the purposes of their function. They are free and their exercise of functions is not subject to review or inquiry. Article 23. Representatives of labor cannot be arrested, except in cases of flagrante delicto, nor prosecuted without the prior authorization of the Chamber. Article 24. Representatives of labor hold office for the entire duration of the legislature (see Art. 25) and are eligible for re-election. However, they lose their function if:
 * 1. They violate the oath they took
 * 2. They lose any of the eligibility requirements
 * 3. They neglect their duties by being absent for ten consecutive sessions of the Chamber without authorization from the president (see Art. 34), unless justified reasons are present.

Article 25. The Chamber's proceedings are divided into legislatures. Each legislature lasts five years, but can be dissolved earlier, as provided by this Statute. The end of each legislature is determined by decree of the Duce, upon proposal by the Head of Government (see Art. 50). The decree also sets the date for the Assembly to convene and hear the Leader's speech, which marks the beginning of the next legislature. Article 26. The Chamber of Representatives of Labor collaborates with the Duce and the Government in the formation of laws. For the exercise of its ordinary legislative function, the Chamber is periodically convened by the Head of Government. Article 27. The power to propose laws belongs to the Duce (see Art. 41) and to the representatives of labor (see Art. 49) Article 28. The Chamber exercises its functions through the Plenary Assembly, the General Budget Committee, and the Legislative Committees. Article 29. The Plenary Assembly has exclusive competence for the discussion and approval of:
 * 1. Bills concerning: the powers and prerogatives of the Head of Government; the government's authority to issue legal norms, professional regulations, relations between the State and the Holy See, international treaties involving changes to the territory of the State and its Colonies; the judicial system, both ordinary and administrative, and general legislative delegations
 * 2. Budget bills and financial statements of the State, state-owned autonomous enterprises, and national or public entities whose management is significant for the State budget
 * 3. Bills for which this form of discussion is required by the Government or Assembly, or proposed by the Committees and authorized by the Head of Government
 * 4. Proposals to submit to the Constituent Assembly decisions on matters of supreme national interest.

Article 30. The sessions of the Plenary Assembly are public. However, a meeting can be held in secret if requested by the Head of Government or at least fifty representatives of labor. Voting always takes place openly. Article 31. Legislative committees are formed, in relation to specific national activities, by the President of the Chamber. They elect the president from among their own members; it is the president's duty to convene them. Article 32. The legislative committees are responsible for issuing legal norms, concerning matters different from those indicated in Article 28, which involve the creation, modification, or loss of citizens' subjective rights, unless the law assigns this responsibility to other entities and bodies as well. The law determines the methods, forms, and deadlines for the discussion and approval of bills submitted to the legislative committees. Article 33. The decisions of the plenary assembly and the committees are made by an absolute majority, except in the case of Article 15. No decision is valid unless it is made with the presence of at least two-thirds and the vote of at least half of the current labor representatives. Article 34. The Chamber: The President appoints to other positions established by the Chamber's regulations.
 * Provides for the approval and modification of its regulations
 * Elects its President and Vice-Presidents at the beginning of each legislature.

PART II. THE DUCE OF THE ITALIAN SOCIAL REPUBLIC
Article 35. The Duce of the Italian Social Republic is the Head of State. As the supreme interpreter of the will of the nation, which is the will of the state, he embodies the unity of the state. Article 36. He is elected by the Constituent Assembly. He serves for seven years. He is eligible for re-election only once. Article 37. At the time of assuming his functions, he must swear before God and the Fallen for the Fatherland, to serve the Italian Social Republic with all his strength, and to be guided in every act of his office by the supreme interest of the nation and social justice. Article 38. The Duce is not accountable to any other organ of the state for the acts carried out in the exercise of his functions. Article 39. The Duce commands all armed forces, in times of peace through the Minister for National Defense, and in times of war through the Chief of the General Staff; declares war; makes international treaties, informing the Constituent Assembly or the Chamber of Representatives of Labor as soon as he deems it in accordance with the supreme interests of the state. Treaties that involve changes in the territory of the state, limitations or extensions of its sovereignty, or financial burdens, do not become effective until they have obtained the approval of the Constituent Assembly or the Chamber of Representatives of Labor, in accordance with this constitution. Article 40. The Duce exercises legislative power in collaboration with the Government and the Chamber of Representatives of Labor. Article 41. The Duce convenes the Chamber every year. He may also extend its sessions. Article 42. If the Duce perceives political dissent between the working people and the Chamber, he may dissolve it, convening another within three months. Article 43. The Duce presents draft laws to the Chamber through the Government. Article 44. The Duce ratifies laws. Article 45. To the Duce belongs the executive power. He exercises it directly and through the Government. The Duce promulgates laws. The Duce appoints to all state offices. By decree of the Duce, after consulting the Council of Ministers, legal norms are issued to regulate:
 * 1. The execution of laws
 * 2. The exercise of power belonging to the executive authority
 * 3. The organization and functioning of state administrations, and other public entities as designated by law.

By decree of the Duce, upon deliberation of the Council of Ministers, legal norms may be issued with the force of law:
 * 1. When the Government is delegated to do so by a law
 * 2. In cases of urgent or absolute necessity regarding matters within the competence of the General Assembly and the legislative committees of the Chamber, as well as for the enactment of draft laws on which the legislative committees have not deliberated within the time limits set by law. In these cases, the decree of the Duce must, under penalty of forfeiture, be submitted to the Chamber for conversion into law within six months of its publication. If the chamber does not approve it and two years pass from publication without conversion, the decree ceases to have effect.

Article 46. The Duce has the right of amnesty, pardon, and commutation of sentences. Article 47. It is the Duce's prerogative to establish chivalric orders and determine their statutes. Article 48. Titles of nobility are maintained for those who are entitled to them. It is the Duce's prerogative to confer new titles of nobility.

PART III. THE GOVERNMENT
Article 49. The government of the Republic consists of the Head of Government and the Ministers. Article 50. The Head of Government is appointed and dismissed by the Duce. He is accountable to the Duce for the overall political direction of the Government. Article 51. The Head of Government directs and coordinates the work of the Ministers, convenes the Council of Ministers, sets the agenda, and presides over it. Article 52. No item can be placed on the agenda of the Chamber without the prior consent of the Head of Government. Article 53. The consent of the Head of Government is necessary for the presentation to the Chamber of proposals for laws initiated by the representatives of labor. Article 54. Ministers are appointed and dismissed by the Duce upon the proposal of the Head of Government. They are accountable to both the Duce and the Head of Government for all acts and decisions of their Ministries. Article 55. Undersecretaries of State are appointed and dismissed by the Duce, upon the proposal of the Head of Government, after consulting the competent Minister. Article 56. To judge crimes committed by a Minister abusing their functions, the Chamber constituted as a Court of Jurisdiction is competent. The action is exercised by Commissioners appointed at the beginning of each legislature and replaced in case of vacancy by the President of Chamber. There is no appeal against judgments pronounced by the Chamber acting as a Court of Jurisdiction.

PART IV. THE ARMED FORCES
Article 57. The Armed Forces have the purpose of fighting for the defense of the honor, freedom, and welfare of the Nation. They include the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. Article 58. The combat flag for the armed forces is the tricolor, adorned with a fringe of laurel, and at its four sides the symbols of the Republic: a grenade, an anchor, and an eagle. Article 59. Conscription is a service of honor for the Italian people and a privilege for its most distinguished part. All citizens have the right and duty to serve the Nation in arms when they have the physical aptitude and do not fall under conditions of moral unworthiness as established by law. Article 60. Only the Duce has the powers of coordination, appointment, promotion, inspection, troop deployment, and mobilization regarding the armed forces.

PART V. JURISDICTION
Article 61.' Jurisdiction ensures the implementation of positive law in the conduct of facts and legal relationships. Article 62. Sentences are issued in the name of the law, through which they embody its will. Article 63. The judicial function is exercised by judges, whether collegiate or single, appointed by the Duce. Their organization, jurisdiction by subject matter and territory, and the procedures they must follow in performing their functions, are regulated by law. Article 64. A single Supreme Court of Cassation is established for the entire Republic, with its seat in Rome. Its role is to ensure a uniform interpretation and application of the law by lower court judges and to resolve conflicts of jurisdiction between the judicial and administrative authorities. Article 65. In the exercise of its functions, the judiciary is guaranteed full independence: it is bound only by the law and solely by the law. Article 66. No one can be punished for an act that is not expressly provided for by law, nor with penalties that are not established by it, nor without a trial conducted according to the rules it sets forth. Article 67. In cases that must be determined by law approved by the Assembly of the Chamber, extraordinary courts may be established for a limited time and for specific crimes. The jurisdiction of military tribunals cannot be extended to civilians not in military service except in times of war and for offenses expressly provided for by law. Article 68. When the state and other public entities operate in the field of private law, they are fully subject to the civil code and other laws. Article 69. The administrative bodies of the state and other public entities must be guided in the exercise of their functions by the realization of the principle of justice in administration. Article 70. A person who has been harmed by an administrative act affecting their legitimate interests can, after exhausting hierarchical appeals if available, challenge the act itself for violations of law, excess of power, and incompetence before administrative justice bodies. These bodies, in addition to their general jurisdiction over legality, have competence in matters specified by law.

PART VI. THE DEFENSE OF THE LINEAGE
Article 71. The Republic considers demographic growth as a condition for the rise of the nation and for the development of its military, economic, and civil power. Article 72. The demographic policy of the Republic is pursued with three essential objectives: quantity, moral and physical health, and purity of lineage. Article 73. The cornerstone of demographic policy is the defense of the family, the essential nucleus of the social structure of the state. The Republic implements this by protecting and strengthening all religious and moral values that bind the family, including: Article 74. The protection of childhood and youth is a high public function that the Republic carries out, including through specific institutions. This includes intervention in family educational activities (see Article 76), protection of illegitimate filiation, and guardianship assistance for abandoned minors.
 * Promoting marriage, seen also as a national duty and source of rights, to achieve its highest purposes, foremost: the procreation of healthy and numerous offspring
 * Granting civil effects to the sacrament of marriage, regulated by canon law
 * Prohibiting marriages between Italian citizens and subjects of Jewish race, and with special regulations for marriages between Italian citizens and subjects of other races or foreigners
 * Protecting motherhood
 * Providing aid and assistance to support family burdens. Special benefits are granted to large families.

SECTION I. EDUCATION
Article 75. The Republic places among its primary institutional duties the moral, social, and political education of the people. Article 76. The education of children, in accordance with principles of morality and national sentiment, is the supreme obligation of parents. The state, while respecting the rights and duties of parental authority, oversees that family education achieves its goals of forming honest citizens, workers, and soldiers. It utilizes educational systems to complement and guide the work of families. Where this effort is lacking, the state steps in to substitute it, entrusting the task to public assistance institutions or private entities. Article 77. A fundamental organ of the political education of the people is the Republican Fascist Party. It is recognized as an auxiliary organ of the state, and has the following essential tasks: Article 78. Membership in the R.F.P. entails no special privileges or rights. It entails the duty to dedicate oneself to the national cause with absolute selflessness and purity of intent, to the utmost limit of one's abilities. Outside of activities primarily of a political nature, membership in the R.F.P is neither a condition nor a preference for employment or holding positions, nor does it affect the moral and economic treatment of workers.
 * Defending and strengthening the evolution according to the principles of the doctrine it advocates and safeguards
 * Awakening and strengthening in all people consciousness, passion and national solidarity, and the duty to subordinate all individual and collective interests to the supreme interest of the freedom of the Nation in the world.
 * Diffusing among the people the knowledge of international and internal issues that concern Italy.

SECTION II. INSTRUCTION
Article 79. Schooling aims to cultivate a culture among the people, inspired by the eternal values of the Italian race and its civilization. Article 80. The school curriculum is established with the aim of fulfilling schooling's role in educating the new generations. Article 81. Access to education and its continuation are regulated solely based on demonstrated abilities and aptitudes. State colleges ensure that capable young people without means can continue their studies. Article 82. Elementary education, to be provided in evidently healthy schools, is mandatory and free for all citizens of the Republic. Article 83. The Italian Social Republic considers the teaching of Christian doctrine, as received from Catholic tradition, as the foundation and culmination of public education. Therefore, religious education is compulsory in elementary and middle public schools. The law may establish specific cases of exemption. Article 84. The establishment and operation of private educational institutions are permitted only with prior authorization from the state and under its control regarding organization, curriculum, and the moral and scientific qualifications of teachers.

PART VIII. LOCAL ADMINISTRATION
Article 85. The municipalities and provinces are auxiliary bodies of the state. Their establishment and their jurisdictions are regulated by law. Article 86. The municipalities and provinces have the exclusive purpose of safeguarding the administrative interests of their citizens. For this purpose, they are endowed by the state with powers that they must exercise by coordinating and subordinating to them the higher interests of the Nation. In carrying out their functions, municipalities and provinces act autonomously, according to the principles of administrative decentralization, but they are subject to legality control and, in cases established by law, to merit control by the state's direct organs. Article 87. The organs of local autonomous administration are established by law. Municipal and provincial councils are elected through a direct universal suffrage system by resident citizens who are workers within the territory of the municipality or province. Article 88. The councils elect from among their members the mayor of the municipality and the president of the province. The law establishes the grounds for incapacity, ineligibility, and incompatibility for the positions of mayor or president. Such appointments are subject to approval by the state, to be given by decree of the Duce.

CHAPTER III. RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF THE CITIZEN
Article 89. Italian citizenship is acquired and lost under conditions and procedures established by law, based on the principle that it is an honorific title to be recognized and granted only to members of the Italian Aryan lineage. In particular, citizenship cannot be acquired by members of the Jewish race and colored races. Article 90. Subjects of non-Italian race do not enjoy the right to serve Italy in arms, nor generally political rights: they enjoy civil rights within the limits set by law, according to the criterion of their exclusion from all cultural and economic activities that have a public interest, even if carried out in the field of private law. Insofar as they are not particularly disposed towards them, they received the treatment reserved for foreigners, where applicable. Article 91. A fundamental duty of the citizen is to collaborate with all his strength, in every field of his activity, to achieve the supreme goals of the Italian Social Republic, willingly and discipinedly accepting the burdens, restrictions, and sacrifices that meet national needs, on the principle that one cannot truly be free except as a citizen of a free nation. Article 92. All citizens are equal before the law. Article 93. Civil and political rights are granted to all citizens. Every subjective right, public and private, entails the duty of its exercise in conformity with the national purpose for which it is granted. In this respect, the state guarantees and protects their exercise. Article 94. Personal liberty is guaranteed. No one can be arrested except in cases and forms prescribed by law. No citizen, arrested in flagrante delicto or detained for preventative measures, can be held for more than three days without an order from the judicial authority in cases and forms prescribed by law. Article 95. The domicile is inviolable. Except in cases of flagrante delicto, no visit or home search is allowed without an order from the judicial authority in cases and forms prescribed by law. Article 96. Every citizen must be assured the right to direct control or through their representatives, and to responsibly criticize political acts and those of public administration, as well as the individuals who perform them or are appointed to them. Article 97. The freedom of speech, of the press, of association, and of worship is recognized by the Republic as an essential attribute of human personality and as a useful tool for the interests and development of the Nation. It must be guaranteed to the extent compatible with the overriding needs of the State and the freedom of others. Article 98. Political organization is free. Parties can carry out their activities to propagate their ideas and programs, provided they do not conflict with the supreme aims of the Republic. Article 99. Professional organization is free. However, only the unified Confederation of Labor, Technique and Arts, or associations affiliated with and recognized by the state, legally represent the interest of all productive categories and are endowed with public powers to carry out their functions. Article 100. The formation of associations that adhere to foreign or international trade unions or political organizations, or that constitute sections of or maintain connections with them, is prohibited within the territory of the Republic without prior authorization of the State. Article 101. The formation of secret societies is prohibited within the territory of the Republic.

SECTION I. PRODUCTION
Article 102. The production complex is unified from a national standpoint. Its objectives are the well-being of individuals and the development of the Nation's power. Article 103. In the field of production, the Republic aims to achieve the economic independence of the Nation, a condition and guarantee of its political freedom in the world. To this end, the Republic, in addition to promoting by all means the increase and improvement of production and the reduction of costs, establishes, through its organs and appropriate entities, the guidelines and general plans for national production or its sectors. All workers are committed to observing these guidelines and ensuring the success of these plans, both in determining the directions and in carrying out productive activities. Article 104. In the relations between the categories of the various branches of national production, as within each individual enterprise, there is the implementation of collaboration among the different factors of production, the reconciliation of their interests, and their subordination to the higher interests of the Nation. Article 105. The Republic considers private property as the fruit of individual labor and savings, as well as a completion and means of expressing human personality. It acknowledges its social and national function, recognizing it as an effective means to develop and multiply wealth and to place it at the service of the Nation. On these grounds, the Republic respects and protects the right to private property, guaranteeing its exercise and transfers both through transactions between living persons and through legitimate or testamentary succession, according to the rules established by the civil code and other laws. Article 107. The Republic protects rural property with particular care, recognizing its vital importance for the national economy and the moral and physical well-being of the population. Therefore, it promotes by every mean a return to the countryside by facilitating the construction of farmhouses and supporting the acquisition of small rural properties by a greater number of direct farmers and cultivators. In the transfer of cultivable or cultivated lands, no fragmentation is allowed that would undermine the necessary and sufficient unit for the work of a farming family or for efficient cultivation. Article 108. The Republic considers private initiative in the field of production as the most useful tool in the interest of the Nation, and therefore promotes and regulates it. Article 109. Private organization of production being a function of national interest, the organizer of the enterprise is responsible for directing production on behalf of the Republic. Article 110. State intervention in the management of economic enterprises occurs in cases where political interests of the state are at stake, as well as to control private initiative and to encourage, integrate, and, when necessary, substitute it if it proves insufficient or lacking. Article 111. The Republic directly assumes the management of enterprises that control sectors essential for the economic and political independence of the country, as well as enterprises that supply products and services essential for regulating the conduct of the country's economic life. The determination of enterprises in such a situation is made by law. Article 112. If the management of private enterprise is assumed by the state due to the insufficiency of their initiative, the state entrusts it either to another private manager or, but only for the period when this is not possible or convenient, to special public entities.

SECTION II. LABOR
Article 113. Labor is the subject and the foundation of the productive economy. Article 114. Labor, in all its organizational and executive forms- intellectual, technical, and manual- is a national duty. Only the citizen who fulfills the duty of work has full legal, political and civil abilities. Article 115. As fulfilling the duty to perform work according to each person's abilities and aptitudes is a title of honor and duty, the Republic ensures the full legal equality of all workers. Article 116. The Republic guarantees to every citizen the right to work, through the organization and increase of production, and through the control and discipline of the supply and demand of labor. The placement of workers is a public function, carried out free of charge by suitable offices of recognized professional organization. Article 117. As the strict and mandatory implementation of the fundamental conditions constituting job security is of paramount public interest, the regulation of the employment relationship is entrusted to the law or regulations to be issued by the recognized professional organization. Such regulations are automatically incorporated into individual contracts, which may contain different provisions but only those more favorable to the worker. Article 118. The wages of the worker must correspond to the normal needs of life, the possibilities of production, and the productivity of their labor. In addition to normal wages, allowances related to family responsibilities will also be paid to the worker, in the spirit of solidarity among the various elements of production. Article 119. Regular working hours cannot exceed 44 hours per week and 8 hours per day, except for specific public order needs and for sectors of production to be determined by law. The law or regulations issued by recognized professional associations establish the cases and limits for permissible overtime and night work, as well as the extent of the wage increase compared to that due for regular work. Article 120. Workers are entitled to one day of rest each week, usually coinciding with Sunday, and to an annual period of paid leave. Article 121. Every worker has the right to terminate an indefinite employment relationship. If the dismissal occurs without fault on the workers' party, the worker is entitled, in addition to adequate notice, to compensation proportional to years of service. Article 122. In the event of the worker's death, any compensation that would have been due if they were dismissed without fault shall be paid to the children, spouse, dependent cohabiting relatives, or heirs, in accordance with the provisions of the law. Article 123. Social security is a high manifestation of the principle of collaboration among all elements of production, which must contribute to its burdens. The Republic coordinates and integrates this social security action through professional organization, and by establishing special institutes to expand and enhance social insurance. The concerted efforts of the state and the concerned categories must ensure full assistance to all workers for old age, disability, work-related accidents, illnesses, pregnancy and childbirth, involuntary unemployment, and military call-ups. Article 124. In order to provide and enhance the technical and productive capacity, as well as the moral value, of workers and to facilitate selective action from them, the Republic, also through recognized professional associations, promotes and develops vocational education.

PART II. SOCIALIZED MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES
Article 125. The management of enterprises, whether public or private, is socialized. Those directly involved in the enterprise, in any form, actively engage in productive activities. Article 126. Every enterprise has a leader, responsible to the state, politically and legally, for the management of production and labor discipline within the enterprise. Article 127. The heads of public enterprises are appointed by the government. Article 128. The head of private enterprise is the entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is someone who has organized the enterprise, determining its purpose and economic objectives, or someone who has taken over its management. In sole proprietorships or companies with a single administrator, the head of the enterprise is the owner or sole administrator. In companies with a collegial administrative body, the head of the enterprise is established by the bylaws or the articles of incorporation, typically as the president of the board of directors, the managing director, or a technical director who may be external to the board, and who is entrusted with the functions of a general manager.