Union Planters' Bank of Memphis v. Memphis/Opinion of the Court

Diversity of citizenship did not exist, and the jurisdiction of the circuit court rested solely on the ground that the cause of action arose under the Constitution of the United States. The appeal lay directly to this court under § 5 of the judiciary act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stat. at L. 826, chap. 517, U.S.C.omp. Stat. 1901, p. 547), and not to the circuit court of appeals. ''American Sugar Ref. Co. v. New Orleans'', 181 U.S. 277, 45 L. ed. 859, 21 Sup. Ct. Rep. 646. Nevertheless, an appeal having been prosecuted to the latter court, and having there gone to decree, an appeal was allowed to this court because the judgment was not made final in that court by § 6 of the act. But the case being here, and the jurisdiction of the circuit court having depended on the sole ground that it arose under the Constitution, we are constrained to reverse the decree of the circuit court of appeals, not on the merits, but by reason of the want of jurisdiction in that court. If this were not so, the right to two appeals would exist in every similar case, notwithstanding, as we have repeatedly held, that such was not the intention of the act. Robinson v. Caldwell, 165 U.S. 359, 41 L. ed. 745, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 343; Loeb v. Columbia Twp. 179 U.S. 472, 45 L. ed. 280, 21 Sup. Ct. Rep. 174; ''American Sugar Ref. Co. v. New Orleans'', 181 U.S. 277, 45 L. ed. 859, 21 Sup. Ct. Rep. 646.

In Pullman's Palace Car Co. v. ''Central Transp. Co.'' 171 U.S. 138, 43 L. ed. 108, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 808, an appeal was taken to this court and also to the circuit court of appeals, and a motion was made in each court to dismiss the appeal, whereupon, by reason of the circumstances, we granted a writ of certiorari, and brought up the record from the latter court before it had proceeded to decree. The question as to which was the correct route to reach this court became immaterial, and we disposed of the ease on its merits. But in the present case the circuit court of appeals went to decree, and we are obliged to deal with the appeal therefrom, in doing which the jurisdiction of that court necessarily comes under review.

The questions on the merits are, however, presented for disposition on the direct appeal from the circuit court.

In Shelby County v. Union & Planters' Bank (1895) 161 U.S. 149, 40 L. ed. 650, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 558, it was decided that the capital stock of the bank was not exempt from ad valorem taxation by the provision of the charter in question, and was liable to be taxed as the state might determine. Bank of Commerce v. Tennessee use of Memphis, 161 U.S. 134, 40 L. ed. 645, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 456.

But the bank objects that, notwithstanding this court has thus held that the exemption asserted does not exist, it must, nevertheless, be recognized in this case as existing, because it was so determined by the judgment pleaded as res judicata. The judgment thus relied on as a bar to this assessment is reported in Memphis v. Union & Planters' Bank (1892) 91 Tenn. 546, 19 S. W. 758, which involved the assessment of municipal taxes for the years 1887 to 1891 inclusive, on the capital stock of the bank, and a privilege tax for the years 1889, 1890, and 1891. The supreme court of Tennessee there held, in deference to the supposed scope of the decisions of this court in Farrington v. Tennessee (1877) 95 U.S. 679, 24 L. ed. 558, and in Bank of Commerce v. Tennessee (1881) 104 U.S. 493, 26 L. ed. 810, that the bank was exempted by the charter from being assessed by the state, county, or municipality for any taxes except as specified.

In Union & Planters' Bank v. Memphis (1898) 101 Tenn. 154, 46 S. W. 557, the conclusion announced in Shelby County v. Union & Planters' Bank, 161 U.S. 149, 40 L. ed. 650, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 558, was followed, and it was held to be the settled rule in Tennessee that the plea of res judicata is only applicable to the taxes actually in litigation, and is not conclusive in respect to taxes assessed for other and subsequent years. State v. Bank of Commerce, 95 Tenn. 231, 31 S. W. 993.

As the judgment relied on as res judicata was not so regarded in Shelby County v. Union & Planters' Bank, it could not be properly so regarded in the present case; but, apart from that, it is enough that in Tennessee the doctrine of res judicata is not applicable to taxes for years other than those under consideration in the particular case, inasmuch as what effect a judgment of a state court shall have as res judicata is a question of state or local law, and the taxes involved in this suit are taxes for years other than those involved in the prior adjudication. ''Phoenix F. & M. Ins. Co. v. Tennessee'', 161 U.S. 174, 40 L. ed. 660, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 471.

In New Orleans v. Citizens' Bank, 167 U.S. 371, 42 L. ed. 202, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 905, referred to by appellant's counsel, no claim was made that the judgment relied on would not have been res judicata in the state courts, and attention was particularly called to the fact that the rule in Louisiana was in accord with the conception of res judicata expounded in that case.

As the judgment pleaded had no force or effect in the Tennessee state courts other than as a bar to the identical taxes litigated in the suit, the courts of the United States can accord it no greater efficacy. Cooper v. Newell, 173 U.S. 555, 45 L. ed. 808, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 506; Metcalf v. Watertown, 153 U.S. 671, 38 L. ed. 861, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 947; Chicago & A. R. Co. v. Wiggins Ferry Co. 108 U.S. 18, 27 L. ed. 636, 1 Sup. Ct. Rep. 614, 617; Rev. Stat. § 905 (U.S.C.omp. Stat. 1901, p. 677).

The litigation over the alleged exemption has been protracted, and many decisions have been rendered in this court and in the highest tribunal of Tennessee in respect of it. They are reviewed by Lurton, J., in the circuit court of appeals, 49 C. C. A. 455, 111 Fed. 561.

Decree of the Circuit Court in No. 67 affirmed.

Decree of the Circuit Court of Appeals in No. 221 reversed, with a direction to dismiss the appeal and writ of error.