Treaty of Tilsit, 7 July 1807

His majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy, protector of the confederation of the Rhine, and his majesty the emperor of Russia, animated with the same interest in putting an end to the devastations of war, have, for this purpose, nominated and furnished with full power on the part of his majesty the emperor of the French and King of Italy, Charles Maurice Talleyrand, prince of Benevento, his great chamberlain, and minister of foreign affairs, grand cross of the legion of honour, knight of the Prussian orders of the black and of the red eagle, of the order of St. Hubert.

His majesty the emperor of all the Russias has, on his part, appointed prince Kurakin, his actual privy counsellor; member of the council of state, and of the senate; chancellor of all the orders in the empire; ambassador extraordinary, and plenipotentiary of his majesty of all the Russias to his majesty the emperor of Austria; knight of the Russian order of St. Andrew; of St. Alexander; of St. Aube; of the first class of the order of St. Wolodimir, and of the second class of the Prussian orders of the black and red eagle; of the Bavarian order of St. Hubert; of the Danish order of Dannebrog, and the perfect union, and bailiff and grand cross of the sovereign order of St. John of Jerusalem; and prince Demetry Labanoff Van Rostoff, lieutenant-general of the armies of his majesty the emperor of all the Russias ; knight of the first class of the order of St. Anne, of the military order of St. Joris, and of the third class of the order of Wolodimir.

The abovementioned, after exchanging their full powers, have agreed upon the following articles :

Article I. From the day of exchanging the ratification of the present treaties, there shall be perfect peace and amity between his majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy, and his majesty the emperor of all the Russias.

II. Hostilities shall immediately cease at all points by sea and land, as soon as the intelligence of the present treaty shall be officially received. In the meanwhile the high contracting parties shall dispatch couriers extraordinary to their respective generals and commanders.

III. All ships of war or other vessels, belonging to the high contracting parties, or their subjects, which may be captured after the signing of this treaty, shall be restored.—In case of these vessels being sold, the value shall be returned.

IV. Out of esteem for his majesty the emperor of all the Russias, and to afford to him a proof of his, sincere desire to unite both nations in the bands of immutable confidence and friendship, the emperor Napoleon wishes that all the countries, towns, and territories, conquered from the king of Prussia, the ally of his majesty'the emperor of all the Russias, should be restored, namely that part of the duchy of Magdeburg, situated on the right bank of the Elbe; the mark of Prignitz; the Uker mark; the middle and new mark of Brardenburg, with the exception of the circle of Cotbus, in Lower Alsace: the duchy of Pomerania; Upper, Lower, and New Silesia, and the county of Glatz: that part of the district of the Netze, which is situated to the northward of the road of Driesen and Schniedemuhl, and to the northward of a line drawn from Schniedemuhl through Waldau to the Vistula, and extending along the frontier of the circle of Bromberg, and the navigation of the river Netze, and of the canal of Bromberg, from Driesen to the Vistula and back, must re-main open and free of all tolls; Pomerellia; the Island of Nogat; the country on the right bank of the Vistula and of the Nogat, to the west of Old Prussia, and to the northward of the circle of Culm; Ermeland. Lastly, the kingdom of Prussia, as it was on the 1st of January, 1772, together with the fortresses of Spandau, Stettin, Custrin, Glogau, Breslau, Schweidnitz, Neisse, Brieg, Kosel, and Glatz, and in general all fortresses, citadels, castles, and strong holds of the countries above-named, in the same condition in which those fortresses, citadels, castles, and strong holds may be at present; also, in addition to the above, the city and citadel of Graudentz.

V. Those provinces, which, on the 1st of January, 1772, formed a part of the kingdom of Poland, and have since, at different times, been subjected to Prussia (with the exception of the countries named or alluded to in the preceding article, and of those which are described below in the 9th article), shall become the possession of his majesty the king of Saxony, with power of possession and sovereignty, under the title of the duchy of Warsaw, and shall be governed according to a regulation, which will insure the liberties and privileges of the people of the said duchy, and be consistent with the security of the neighbouring states.

VI. The city of Dantzic, with a territory of two leagues round the same, is restored to her former independence, under the protection of his majesty the king of Prussia, and his majesty the king of Saxony; to be governed according to the laws by which she was governed at the time when she ceased to be her own mistress.

VII. For a communication betwixt the kingdom of Saxony and the duchy of Warsaw, his majesty the king of Saxony is to have the free use of a military road through the Slates of his majesty the king of Prussia. This road, the number of troops which are allowed to pass at once, and the resting-places, shall be fixed by a particular agreement between the two sovereigns, under the mediation of France.

VIII. Neither his majesty the king of Prussia, his majesty the king of Saxony, nor the city of Dantzic, shall oppose any obstacles whatever to the free navigation of the Vistula, under the name of tolls, rights, or duties.

IX. In order as far as possible to establish a natural boundary between Russia and the duchy of Warsaw, the territory between the present confines of Russia from the Bug to the mouth of the Lassona shall extend, in a line from the mouth of the Lassona along the towing path of the said river; and that of the Bobra, up to its mouth; that of the Narew, from the mouth of that river as far as Suradiz; from Lissa to its source near the village of Mien; from this to the village Nutzeck, and from Nutzeck to the mouth of that river beyond Nurr; and finally, along the towing path of the Bug, upwards, to extend as far as the present frontiers of Russia. This territory is for ever united to the empire of Russia.

X. No person of any rank or quality whatever, whose residence or property may be within the limits stated in the above-mentioned article, nor any inhabitant in those provinces of the ancient kingdom of Poland, which may be given up to his majesty the king of Prussia, or any person possessing estates, revenues, pensions, or any other kind of income, shall be molested in his person, or in any nay whatever, on account of his rank, quality, estates, revenues, pensions, incomes, or otherwise, or in consequence of any part, political or military, which he may have taken in the events of the present war.

XI. All contracts and engagements between his majesty the king of Prussia and the ancient possessors, relative to the general imposts, the ecclesiastical, the military or civil benefices, the creditors or pensioners of the old Prussian government, are to be settled between the emperor of all the Russias and his majesty the king of Saxony; and to be regulated by their said majesties, in proportion to their acquisitions, according to articles V and IX.

XII. Their royal highnesses the dukes of Saxe Cobourg, Oldenburg, and Mecklenburg Schwerin, shall each of them be restored to the complete and quiet possession of their estates; but the ports in the duchies of Oldenburg and Mecklenburg shall remain in the possession of the French garrisons till the definitive treaty shall be signed between France and England.

XIII. His majesty the emperor Napoleon accepts of the mediation of the emperor of all the Russias, in order to negociate and conclude a definitive treaty of peace between France and England; however, only upon condition that this mediation shall be accepted by England in one month after the ratification of the present treaty.

XIV. His majesty the emperor of all the Russias being desirous, on his part, to manifest how ardently he desires to establish the most intimate and lasting relations between the two emperors, acknowledges his majesty Joseph Napoleon, king of Naples, and Louis Napoleon, king of Holland.

XV. His majesty, the emperor of all the Russias, acknowledges the confederation of the Rhine, the present state of the possessions of the princes belonging to it, and the titles of those which were conferred upon them by the act of confederation, or by the subsequent treaties of accession. His said majesty also promises, information being communicated to hint on the part of the emperor Napoleon, to acknowledge those sovereigns who may hereafter become members of the confederation, according to their rank specified in the act of confederation.

XVI. His majesty the emperor of all the Russias cedes all his property in the right of sovereignty to the lordship of Jever, in East Friesland, to his majesty the king of Holland.

XVII. The present treaty of peace shall be mutually binding, and in force, for his majesty the king of Naples, Joseph Napoleon, his majesty Louis Napoleon, king of Holland, and the sovereigns of the confederation of the Rhine, in alliance with the Emperor Napoleon.

XVIII. His majesty the emperor of all the Russias also acknowledges his imperial highness, prince Jerome Napoleon, as king of Westphalia.

XIX. The kingdom of Westphalia shall consist of the provinces ceded by the king of Prussia on the left bank of the Elbe, and other states at present in the possession of his majesty the emperor Napoleon.

XX. His majesty the emperor of all the Russias engages to recognize the limits which shall be determined by his majesty the emperor Napoleon, in pursuance of the foregoing XIXth article, and the cessions of his majesty the king of Prussia (which shall be notified to his majesty the emperor of all the Russias), together with the state of possession resulting therefrom to the sovereigns for whose behoof they shall have been established.

XXI. All hostilities shall immediately cease between the troops of his majesty the emperor of all the Russias and those of the Grand Seignior, at all points, whenever official intelligence shall arrive of the signing of the present treaty. The high contracting parties shall, without delay, dispatch couriers extraordinary, to convey the intelligence, with all possible expedition, to the respective generals and commanders.

XXII. The Prussian troops shall be withdrawn from the provinces of Moldavia; but the said provinces may not be occupied by the troops of the Grand Seignior, till after the exchange of the ratifications of the future definitive treaty of peace between Russia and the Ottoman Porte.

XXIII. His majesty the emperor of all the Russias accepts the mediation of his majesty the emperor of the French, and king of Italy, for the purpose of negociating a peace advantageous and honourable to the two powers, and of concluding the same. The respective plenipotentiaries shall repair to that place which shall be agreed upon by the two powers concerned, there to open the negociations, and to proceed therewith.

XXIV. The periods, within which the high contracting parties shall withdraw their troops from the places which they are to evacuate pursuant to the above stipulations, as also the manner in which the different stipulations contained in the present treaty shall be executed, will be settled by a special agreement.

XXV. His majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy, and his majesty the emperor of all the Russias, mutually ensure to each other the integrity of their possessions, and of those of the powers included in this present treaty, in the state in which they arc now settled, or further to be settled, pursuant to the above stipulations.

XXVI. The prisoners made by the contracting parties, or those included in the present treaty, shall be restored in a mass, and without any cartel of exchange, on both sides.

XXVII. The commercial relations between the French empire, the kingdom of Italy, the kingdoms of Naples and Holland, and the confederated states of the Rhine, on the one side; and the empire of Russia on the other, shall be replaced on the same footing as before the war.

XXVIII. The ceremonial between the two courts of the Thuilleries and St. Petersburg, with respect to each other, and also their respective ambassadors, ministers, and envoys, mutually accredited to each other, shall be placed on the footing of complete equality and reciprocity.

XXIX. The present treaty shall be ratified by his majesty the emperor of the French, king of Italy, and his majesty the emperor of all the Russias; the ratifications shall be exchanged in the city within the space of four days.

Done at Tilsit, 7th July, (25th June) 1807.