Treaty of Paris (1763)

The definitive Treaty of Peace and Friendship between his Britannick Majesty,  the Most Christian King, and the King of Spain. Concluded at Paris the 10th day of February, 1763. To which the King of Portugal acceded on the same day. (Printed from the Copy.)

In the Name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. So be it.

Be it known to all those whom it shall, or may, in any manner, belong,

It has pleased the Most High to diffuse the spirit of union and concord among the Princes, whose divisions  had spread troubles in the four parts of the world, and to inspire  them with the inclination to cause the comforts of peace to succeed  to the misfortunes of a long and bloody war, which having arisen  between England and France during the reign of the Most Serene  and Most Potent Prince, George the Second, by the grace of God,  King of Great Britain, of glorious memory, continued under the  reign of the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, George the Third,  his successor, and, in its progress, communicated itself to Spain  and Portugal: Consequently, the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince,  George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain,  France, and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch Treasurer  and Elector of the Holy Roman Empire; the Most Serene and Most  Potent Prince, Lewis the Fifteenth, by the grace of God, Most  Christian King; and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Charles  the Third, by the grace of God, King of Spain and of the Indies,  after having laid the foundations of peace in the preliminaries  signed at Fontainebleau the third of November last; and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince, Don Joseph the First, by the grace  of God, King of Portugal and of the Algarves, after having acceded  thereto, determined to compleat, without delay, this great and  important work. For this purpose, the high contracting parties have named and appointed their respective Ambassadors Extraordinary  and Ministers Plenipotentiary, viz. his Sacred Majesty the King of Great Britain, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord,  John Duke and Earl of Bedford, Marquis of Tavistock, &c. his Minister of State, Lieutenant General of his Armies, Keeper of  his Privy Seal, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter,  and his Ambassador Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary  to his Most Christian Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Christian  King, the Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Cæsar Gabriel de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of  his Orders, Lieutenant General of his Armies and of the province  of Britanny, Counsellor of all his Counsils, and Minister and  Secretary of State, and of his Commands and Finances: his Sacred  Majesty the Catholick King, the

Most Illustrious and Most Excellent Lord, Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, Knight of the Most Christian  King's Orders, Gentleman of his Catholick Majesty's Bedchamber  in Employment, and his Ambassador Extraordinary to his Most Christian  Majesty; his Sacred Majesty the Most Faithful King, the Most Illustrious  and Most Excellent Lord, Martin de Mello and Castro, Knight professed  of the Order of Christ, of his Most Faithful Majesty's Council,  and his Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary to his Most Christian  Majesty.

Who, after having duly communicated to each other their full powers, in good form, copies whereof are transcribed  at the end of the present treaty of peace, have agreed upon the  articles, the tenor of which is as follows:

Article I. There shall be a Christian, universal, and perpetual peace, as well by sea as by land, and a sincere  and constant friendship shall be re established between their  Britannick, Most Christian, Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties,  and between their heirs and successors, kingdoms, dominions, provinces,  countries, subjects, and vassals, of what quality or condition  soever they be, without exception of places or of persons: So  that the high contracting parties shall give the greatest attention  to maintain between themselves and their said dominions and subjects  this reciprocal friendship and correspondence, without permitting,  on either side, any kind of hostilities, by sea or by land, to  be committed from henceforth, for any cause, or under any pretence  whatsoever, and every thing shall be carefully avoided which might  hereafter prejudice the union happily re­established, applying themselves, on the contrary, on every occasion, to procure for  each other whatever may contribute to their mutual glory, interests,  and advantages, without giving any assistance or protection, directly  or indirectly, to those who would cause any prejudice to either  of the high contracting parties: there shall be a general oblivion of every thing that may have been done or committed before or  since the commencement of the war which is just ended.

II. The treaties of Westphalia of 1648; those of Madrid between the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1661,  and 1670; the treaties of peace of Nimeguen of 1678, and 1679;  of Ryswick of 1697; those of peace and of commerce of Utrecht  of 1713; that of Baden of 1714; the treaty of the triple alliance  of the Hague of 1717; that of the quadruple alliance of London  of 1718; the treaty of peace of Vienna of 1738; the definitive  treaty of Aix la Chapelle of 1748; and that of Madrid, between  the Crowns of Great Britain and Spain of 1750: as well as the  treaties between the Crowns of Spain and Portugal of the 13th  of February, 1668; of the 6th of February, 1715; and of the 12th  of February, 1761; and that of the 11th of April, 1713, between  France and Portugal with the guaranties of Great Britain, serve  as a basis and foundation to the peace, and to the present treaty:  and for this purpose they are all renewed and confirmed in the  best form, as well as all the general, which subsisted between  the high contracting parties before the war, as if they were inserted  here word for word, so that they are to be exactly observed, for  the future, in their whole tenor, and religiously executed on  all sides, in all their points, which shall not be derogated from  by the present treaty, notwithstanding all that may have been stipulated to the contrary by any of the high contracting parties:  and all the said parties declare, that they will not suffer any  privilege, favour, or indulgence to subsist, contrary to the treaties  above confirmed, except what shall have been agreed and stipulated  by the present treaty.

III. All the prisoners made, on all sides, as well by land as by sea, and the hostages carried away or given  during the war, and to this day, shall be restored, without ransom,  six weeks, at least, to be computed from the day of the exchange  of the ratification of the present treaty, each crown respectively  paying the advances which shall have been made for the subsistance  and maintenance of their prisoners by the Sovereign of the country  where they shall have been detained, according to the attested  receipts and estimates and other authentic vouchers which shall  be furnished on one side and the other. And securities shall be reciprocally given for the payment of the debts which the prisoners  shall have contracted in the countries where they have been detained  until their entire liberty. And all the ships of war and merchant vessels Which shall have been taken since the expiration of the  terms agreed upon for the cessation of hostilities by sea shall  likewise be restored, bonâ fide, with all their crews  and cargoes: and the execution of this article shall be proceeded  upon immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this  treaty.

IV. His Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretensions which he has heretofore formed or might have formed  to Nova Scotia or Acadia in all its parts, and guaranties the  whole of it, and with all its dependencies, to the King of Great Britain: Moreover, his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties  to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all  its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all  the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence,  and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries,  lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession,  and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most  Christian King and the Crown of France have had till now over  the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their  inhabitants, so that the Most Christian King cedes and makes over  the whole to the said King, and to the Crown of Great Britain,  and that in the most ample manner and form, without restriction,  and without any liberty to depart from the said cession and guaranty  under any pretence, or to disturb Great Britain in the possessions  above mentioned. His Britannick Majesty, on his side, agrees to grant the liberty of the Catholick religion to the inhabitants  of Canada: he will, in consequence, give the most precise and  most effectual orders, that his new Roman Catholic subjects may  profess the worship of their religion according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the French inhabitants, or others who had been subjects of the Most Christian King in  Canada, may retire with all safety and freedom wherever they shall  think proper, and may sell their estates, provided it be to the subjects of his Britannick Majesty, and bring away their effects  as well as their persons, without being restrained in their emigration,  under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal  prosecutions: The term limited for this emigration shall be fixed  to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of  the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty.

V. The subjects of France shall have the liberty of fishing and drying on a part of the coasts of the island of  Newfoundland, such as it is specified in the XIIIth article of the treaty of Utrecht; which article is renewed and confirmed  by the present treaty, (except what relates to the island of Cape  Breton, as well as to the other islands and coasts in the mouth  and in the gulph of St. Lawrence:) And his Britannick Majesty  consents to leave to the subjects of the Most Christian King the  liberty of fishing in the gulph of St. Lawrence, on condition  that the subjects of France do not exercise the said fishery but  at the distance of three leagues from all the coasts belonging  to Great Britain, as well those of the continent as those of the  islands situated in the said gulph of St. Lawrence. And as to what relates to the fishery on the coasts of the island of Cape  Breton, out of the said gulph, the subjects of the Most Christian  King shall not be permitted to exercise the said fishery but at  the distance of fifteen leagues from the coasts of the island  of Cape Breton; and the fishery on the coasts of Nova Scotia or  Acadia, and every where else out of the said gulph, shall remain  on the foot of former treaties.

VI. The King of Great Britain cedes the islands of St. Pierre and Macquelon, in full right, to his Most Christian  Majesty, to serve as a shelter to the French fishermen; and his  said Most Christian Majesty engages not to fortify the said islands;  to erect no buildings upon them but merely for the conveniency  of the fishery; and to keep upon them a guard of fifty men only  for the police.

VII. In order to re­establish peace on solid and durable foundations, and to remove for ever all subject  of dispute with regard to the limits of the British and French territories on the continent of America; it is agreed, that, for  the future, the confines between the dominions of his Britannick  Majesty and those of his Most Christian Majesty, in that part  of the world, shall be fixed irrevocably by a line drawn along  the middle of the River Mississippi, from its source to the river Iberville, and from thence, by a line drawn along the middle of  this river, and the lakes Maurepas and Pontchartrain to the sea;  and for this purpose, the Most Christian King cedes in full right,  and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty the river and port of  the Mobile, and every thing which he possesses, or ought to possess,  on the left side of the river Mississippi, except the town of  New Orleans and the island in which it is situated, which shall  remain to France, provided that the navigation of the river Mississippi  shall be equally free, as well to the subjects of Great Britain  as to those of France, in its whole breadth and length, from its  source to the sea, and expressly that part which is between the  said island of New Orleans and the right bank of that river, as  well as the passage both in and out of its mouth: It is farther stipulated, that the vessels belonging to the subjects of either  nation shall not be stopped, visited, or subjected to the payment  of any duty whatsoever. The stipulations inserted in the IVth article, in favour of the inhabitants of Canada shall also take  place with regard to the inhabitants of the countries ceded by  this article.

VIII. The King of Great Britain shall restore to France the islands of Guadeloupe, of Mariegalante, of Desirade,  of Martinico, and of Belleisle; and the fortresses of these islands  shall be restored in the same condition they were in when they  were conquered by the British arms, provided that his Britannick  Majesty's subjects, who shall have settled in the said islands,  or those who shall have any commercial affairs to settle there  or in other places restored to France by the present treaty, shall  have liberty to sell their lands and their estates, to settle  their affairs, to recover their debts, and to bring away their  effects as well as their persons, on board vessels, which they  shall be permitted to send to the said islands and other places  restored as above, and which shall serve for this use only, without  being restrained on account of their religion, or under any other  pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or of criminal prosecutions:  and for this purpose, the term of eighteen months is allowed to  his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to be computed from the day  of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty; but,  as the liberty granted to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to  bring away their persons and their effects, in vessels of their  nation, may be liable to abuses if precautions were not taken  to prevent them; it has been expressly agreed between his Britannick Majesty and his Most Christian Majesty, that the number of English  vessels which have leave to go to the said islands and places  restored to France, shall be limited, as well as the number of  tons of each one; that they shall go in ballast; shall set sail  at a fixed time; and shall make one voyage only; all the effects  belonging to the English being to be embarked at the same time. It has been farther agreed, that his Most Christian Majesty shall cause the necessary passports to be given to the said vessels;  that, for the greater security, it shall be allowed to place two  French clerks or guards in each of the said vessels, which shall  be visited in the landing places and ports of the said islands  and places restored to France, and that the merchandize which  shall be found therein shall be confiscated.

IX. The Most Christian King cedes and guaranties to his Britannick Majesty, in full right, the islands of Grenada,  and the Grenadines, with the same stipulations in favour of the  inhabitants of this colony, inserted in the IVth article for those  of Canada: And the partition of the islands called neutral, is  agreed and fixed, so that those of St. Vincent, Dominico, and  Tobago, shall remain in full right to Great Britain, and that  of St. Lucia shall be delivered to France, to enjoy the same likewise  in full right, and the high contracting parties guaranty the partition  so stipulated.

X. His Britannick Majesty shall restore to France the island of Goree in the condition it was in when conquered:  and his Most Christian Majesty cedes, in full right, and guaranties  to the King of Great Britain the river Senegal, with the forts  and factories of St. Lewis, Podor, and Galam, and with all the  rights and dependencies of the said river Senegal.

XI. In the East Indies Great Britain shall restore to France, in the condition they are now in, the different  factories which that Crown possessed, as well as on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa as on that of Malabar, as also in Bengal,  at the beginning of the year 1749. And his Most Christian Majesty renounces all pretension to the acquisitions which he has made  on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa since the said beginning  of the year 1749. His Most Christian Majesty shall restore, on his side, all that he may have conquered from Great Britain in  the East Indies during the present war; and will expressly cause  Nattal and Tapanoully, in the island of Sumatra, to be restored;  he engages farther, not to erect fortifications, or to keep troops  in any part of the dominions of the Subah of Bengal. And in order to preserve future peace on the coast of Coromandel and Orixa,  the English and French shall acknowledge Mahomet Ally Khan for  lawful Nabob of the Carnatick, and Salabat Jing for lawful Subah  of the Decan; and both parties shall renounce all demands and  pretensions of satisfaction with which they might charge each  other, or their Indian allies, for the depredations or pillage  committed on the one side or on the other during the war.

XII. The island of Minorca shall be restored to his Britannick Majesty, as well as Fort St. Philip, in the  same condition they were in when conquered by the arms of the Most Christian King; and with the artillery which was there when  the said island and the said fort were taken.

XIII. The town and port of Dunkirk shall be put into the state fixed by the last treaty of Aix la Chapelle,  and by former treaties. The Cunette shall be destroyed immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty,  as well as the forts and batteries which defend the entrance on  the side of the sea; and provision shall be made at the same time  for the wholesomeness of the air, and for the health of the inhabitants,  by some other means, to the satisfaction of the King of Great  Britain.

XIV. France shall restore all the countries belonging to the Electorate of Hanover, to the Landgrave of Hesse,  to the Duke of Brunswick, and to the Count of La Lippe Buckebourg,  which are or shall be occupied by his Most Christian Majesty's  arms: the fortresses of these different countries shall be restored  in the same condition they were in when conquered by the French  arms; and the pieces of artillery, which shall have been carried  elsewhere, shall be replaced by the same number, of the same bore,  weight and metal.

XV. In case the stipulations contained in the XIIIth article of the preliminaries should not be compleated at  the time of the signature of the present treaty, as well with regard to the evacuations to be made by the armies of France of  the fortresses of Cleves, Wezel, Guelders, and of all the countries  belonging to the King of Prussia, as with regard to the evacuations  to be made by the British and French armies of the countries which  they occupy in Westphalia, Lower Saxony, on the Lower Rhine, the  Upper Rhine, and in all the empire; and to the retreat of the  troops into the dominions of their respective Sovereigns: their  Britannick and Most Christian Majesties promise to proceed, bonâ  fide, with all the dispatch the case will permit of to the  said evacuations, the entire completion whereof they stipulate  before the 15th of March next, or sooner if it can be done; and  their Britannick and Most Christian Majesties farther engage and  promise to each other, not to furnish any succours of any kind  to their respective allies who shall continue engaged in the war in Germany.

XVI. The decision of the prizes made in time of peace by the subjects of Great Britain, on the Spaniards, shall  be referred to the Courts of Justice of the Admiralty of Great  Britain, conformably to the rules established among all nations,  so that the validity of the said prizes, between the British and  Spanish nations, shall be decided and judged, according to the  law of nations, and according to treaties, in the Courts of Justice  of the nation who shall have made the capture.

XVII. His Britannick Majesty shall cause to be demolished all the fortifications which his subjects shall  have erected in the bay of Honduras, and other places of the territory  of Spain in that part of the world, four months after the ratification  of the present treaty; and his Catholick Majesty shall not permit  his Britannick Majesty's subjects, or their workmen, to be disturbed  or molested under any pretence whatsoever in the said places,  in their occupation of cutting, loading, and carrying away log­wood;  and for this purpose, they may build, without hindrance, and occupy,  without interruption, the houses and magazines necessary for them,  for their families, and for their effects; and his Catholick Majesty  assures to them, by this article, the full enjoyment of those  advantages and powers on the Spanish coasts and territories, as  above stipulated, immediately after the ratification of the present  treaty.

XVIII. His Catholick Majesty desists, as well for himself as for his successors, from all pretension which he  may have formed in favour of the Guipuscoans, and other his subjects,  to the right of fishing in the neighbourhood of the island of Newfoundland.

XIX. The King of Great Britain shall restore to Spain all the territory which he has conquered in the island  of Cuba, with the fortress of the Havannah; and this fortress,  as well as all the other fortresses of the said island, shall  be restored in the same condition they were in when conquered  by his Britannick Majesty's arms, provided that his Britannick  Majesty's subjects who shall have settled in the said island,  restored to Spain by the present treaty, or those who shall have  any commercial affairs to settle there, shall have liberty to  sell their lands and their estates, to settle their affairs, recover  their debts, and to bring away their effects, as well as their  persons, on board vessels which they shall be permitted to send  to the said island restored as above, and which shall serve for  that use only, without being restrained on account of their religion,  or under any other pretence whatsoever, except that of debts or  of criminal prosecutions: And for this purpose, the term of eighteen  months is allowed to his Britannick Majesty's subjects, to be computed from the day of the exchange of the ratifications of  the present treaty: but as the liberty granted to his Britannick  Majesty's subjects, to bring away their persons and their effects,  in vessels of their nation, may be liable to abuses if precautions  were not taken to prevent them; it has been expressly agreed between his Britannick Majesty and his Catholick Majesty, that the number  of English vessels which shall have leave to go to the said island  restored to Spain shall be limited, as well as the number of tons  of each one; that they shall go in ballast; shall set sail at  a fixed time; and shall make one voyage only; all the effects  belonging to the English being to be embarked at the same time:  it has been farther agreed, that his Catholick Majesty shall cause  the necessary passports to be given to the said vessels; that  for the greater security, it shall be allowed to place two Spanish  clerks or guards in each of the said vessels, which shall be visited  in the landing places and ports of the said island restored to  Spain, and that the merchandize which shall be found therein shall  be confiscated.

XX. In consequence of the restitution stipulated in the preceding article, his Catholick Majesty cedes and guaranties,  in full right, to his Britannick Majesty, Florida, with Fort St. Augustin, and the Bay of Pensacola, as well as all that Spain possesses on the continent of North America, to the East or to the South East of the river Mississippi. And, in general, every thing that depends on the said countries and lands, with the sovereignty,  property, possession, and all rights, acquired by treaties or  otherwise, which the Catholick King and the Crown of Spain have  had till now over the said countries, lands, places, and their  inhabitants; so that the Catholick King cedes and makes over the  whole to the said King and to the Crown of Great Britain, and  that in the most ample manner and form. His Britannick Majesty agrees, on his side, to grant to the inhabitants of the countries above ceded, the liberty of the Catholick religion; he will, consequently,  give the most express and the most effectual orders that his new  Roman Catholic subjects may profess the worship of their religion  according to the rites of the Romish church, as far as the laws  of Great Britain permit. His Britannick Majesty farther agrees, that the Spanish inhabitants, or others who had been subjects  of the Catholick King in the said countries, may retire, with  all safety and freedom, wherever they think proper; and may sell  their estates, provided it be to his Britannick Majesty's subjects,  and bring away their effects, as well as their persons.

without being restrained in their emigration, under any pretence whatsoever, except that of debts, or of criminal  prosecutions: the term limited for this emigration being fixed  to the space of eighteen months, to be computed from the day of  the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty. It is moreover stipulated, that his Catholick Majesty shall have power  to cause all the effects that may belong to him, to be brought  away, whether it be artillery or other things.

XXI. The French and Spanish troops shall evacuate all the territories, lands, towns, places, and castles, of his  Most faithful Majesty in Europe, without any reserve, which shall  have been conquered by the armies of France and Spain, and shall restore them in the same condition they were in when conquered,  with the same artillery and ammunition, which were found there:  And with regard to the Portuguese Colonies in America, Africa,  or in the East Indies, if any change shall have happened there,  all things shall be restored on the same footing they were in, and conformably to the preceding treaties which subsisted between  the Courts of France, Spain, and Portugal, before the present  war.

XXII. All the papers, letters, documents, and archives, which were found in the countries, territories, towns  and places that are restored, and those belonging to the countries  ceded, shall be, respectively and bonâ fide, delivered,  or furnished at the same time, if possible, that possession is  taken, or, at latest, four months after the exchange of the ratifications  of the present treaty, in whatever places the said papers or documents  may be found.

XXIII. All the countries and territories, which may have been conquered, in whatsoever part of the world, by the  arms of their Britannick and Most Faithful Majesties, as well  as by those of their Most Christian and Catholick Majesties, which are not included in the present treaty, either under the title  of cessions, or under the title of restitutions, shall be restored  without difficulty, and without requiring any compensations.

XXIV. As it is necessary to assign a fixed epoch for the restitutions and the evacuations, to be made by  each of the high contracting parties, it is agreed, that the British  and French troops shall compleat, before the 15th of March next,  all that shall remain to be executed of the XIIth and XIIIth articles  of the preliminaries, signed the 3d day of November last, with  regard to the evacuation to be made in the Empire, or elsewhere. The island of Belleisle shall be evacuated six weeks after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner  if it can be done. Guadeloupe, Desirade, Mariegalante Martinico, and St. Lucia, three months after the exchange of the ratifications  of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. Great Britain shall likewise, at the end of three months after the exchange  of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can  be done, enter into possession of the river and port of the Mobile,  and of all that is to form the limits of the territory of Great  Britain, on the side of the river Mississippi, as they are specified in the VIIth article. The island of Goree shall be evacuated by Great Britain, three months after the exchange of the ratifications  of the present treaty; and the island of Minorca by France, at  the same epoch, or sooner if it can be done: And according to  the conditions of the VIth article, France shall likewise enter  into possession of the islands of St Peter, and of Miquelon, at  the end of three months after the exchange of the ratifications  of the present treaty. The Factories in the East Indies shall be restored six months after the exchange of the ratifications  of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be done. The fortress of the Havannah, with all that has been conquered in the island  of Cuba, shall be restored three months after the exchange of  the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner if it can be  done: And, at the same time, Great Britain shall enter into possession  of the country ceded by Spain according to the XXth article. All the places and countries of his most Faithful Majesty, in Europe,  shall be restored immediately after the exchange of the ratification  of the present treaty: And the Portuguese colonies, which may  have been conquered, shall be restored in the space of three months  in the West Indies, and of six months in the East Indies, after  the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, or sooner  if it can be done. All the fortresses, the restitution whereof is stipulated above, shall be restored with the artillery and  ammunition, which were found there at the time of the conquest. In consequence whereof, the necessary orders shall be sent by each of the high contracting parties, with reciprocal passports  for the ships that shall carry them, immediately after the exchange  of the ratifications of the present treaty.

XXV. His Britannick Majesty, as Elector of Brunswick Lunenbourg, as well for himself as for his heirs and  successors, and all the dominions and possessions of his said  Majesty in Germany, are included and guarantied by the present  treaty of peace.

XXVI. Their sacred Britannick, Most Christian, Catholick, and Most Faithful Majesties, promise to observe sincerely  and bonâ fide, all the articles contained and settled  in the present treaty; and they will not suffer the same to be  infringed, directly or indirectly, by their respective subjects;  and the said high contracting parties, generally and reciprocally,  guaranty to each other all the stipulations of the present treaty.

XXVII. The solemn ratifications of the present treaty, expedited in good and due form, shall be exchanged in  this city of Paris, between the high contracting parties, in the  space of a month, or sooner if possible, to be computed from the  day of the signature of the present treaty.

In witness whereof, we the underwritten their Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary, have  signed with our hand, in their name, and in virtue of our full  powers, have signed the present definitive treaty, and have caused  the seal of our arms to be put thereto. Done at Paris the tenth day of February, 1763.

Bedford, C.P.S. Choiseul, Duc de Praslin. El Marq. de Grimaldi.

(L.S.) (L.S.) (LS )

SEPARATE ARTICLES

I. Some of the titles made use of by the contracting powers, either in the full powers, and other acts, during the  course of the negociation, or in the preamble of the present treaty,  not being generally acknowledged; it has been agreed, that no prejudice shall ever result therefrom to any of the said contracting  parties, and that the titles, taken or omitted on either side,  on occasion of the said negociation, and of the present treaty,  shall not be cited or quoted as a precedent.

II. It has been agreed and determined, that the French language made use of in all the copies of the present  treaty, shall not become an example which may be alledged, or  made a precedent of, or prejudice, in any manner, any of the contracting  powers; and that they shall conform themselves, for the future,  to what has been observed, and ought to be observed, with regard  to, and on the part of powers, who are used, and have a right,  to give and to receive copies of like treaties in another language  than French; the present treaty having still the same force and  effect, as if the aforesaid custom had been therein observed.

III. Though the King of Portugal has not signed the present definitive treaty, their Britannick, Most Christian,  and Catholick Majesties, acknowledge, nevertheless, that his Most  Faithful Majesty is formally included therein as a contracting  party, and as if he had expressly signed the said treaty: Consequently,  their Britannick, Most Christian, and Catholick Majesties, respectively  and conjointly, promise to his Most Faithful Majesty, in the most  express and most binding manner, the execution of all and every  the clauses, contained in the said treaty, on his act of accession.

The present Separate Articles shall have the same force as if they were inserted in the treaty.

In witness whereof, We the under­written Ambassadors Extraordinary, and Ministers Plenipotentiary of their  Britannick, Most Christian and Catholick Majesties, have signed  the present separate Articles, and have caused the seal of our  arms to be put thereto.

Done at Paris, the 10th of February, 1763.

Bedford, C.P.S. Choiseul, Duc El Marq. de

(L.S.) de Praslin. Grimaldi.

(L.S.) (L.S.)

His Britannick Majesty's full Power.

GEORGE R.

GEORGE the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, Duke  of Brunswick and Lunenbourg, Arch­Treasurer, and Prince Elector  of the Holy Roman Empire, &c. To all and singular to whom these presents shall come, greeting. Whereas, in order to perfect the peace between Us and our good Brother the Most Faithful King,  on the one part, and our good Brothers the Most Christian and  Catholick Kings, on the other, which has been happily begun by  the Preliminary Articles already signed at Fontainebleau the third  of this month; and to bring the same to the desired end, We have  thought proper to invest some fit person with full authority,  on our part; Know ye, that We, having most entire confidence in  the fidelity, judgment, skill, and ability in managing affairs  of the greatest consequence, of our right trusty, and right entirely  beloved Cousin and Counsellor, John Duke and Earl of Bedford,  Marquis of Tavistock, Baron Russel of Cheneys, Baron Russel of  Thornhaugh, and Baron Howland of Streatham, Lieutenant­general  of our forces, Keeper of our Privy Seal, Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the counties of Bedford and Devon, Knight of our  most noble order of the Garter, and our Ambassador Extraordinary  and Plenipotentiary to our good Brother the Most Christian King,  have nominated, made, constituted and appointed, as by these presents,  we do nominate, make, constitute, and appoint him, our true, certain,  and undoubted Minister, Commissary, Deputy, Procurator and Plenipotentiary,  giving to him all and all manner of power, faculty and authority,  as well as our general and special command (yet so as that the  general do not derogate from the special, or on the contrary)  for Us and in our name, to meet and confer, as well singly and  separately, as jointly, and in a body, with the Ambassadors, Commissaries,  Deputies, and Plenipotentiaries of the Princes, whom it may concern,  vested with sufficient power and authority for that purpose, and with them to agree upon, treat, consult and conclude, concerning  the re­establishing, as soon as may be, a firm and lasting  peace, and sincere friendship and concord; and whatever shall  be so agreed and concluded, for Us and in our name, to sign, and  to make a treaty or treaties, on what shall have been so agreed and concluded, and to transact every thing else that may belong  to the happy completion of the aforesaid work, in as ample a manner  and form, and with the same force and effect, as We ourselves,  if we were present, could do and perform; engaging and promising,  on our royal word, that We will approve, ratify and accept, in  the best manner, whatever shall happen to be transacted and concluded  by our said Plenipotentiary, and that We will never suffer any  person to infringe or act contrary to the same, either in the  whole or in part. In witness and confirmation whereof We have caused our great Seal of Great Britain to be affixed to these presents, signed with our royal hand. Given at our Palace at St. James's, the 12th day of November, 1762, in the third year of our reign.

His Most Christian Majesty's Full Power.

LEWIS, by the grace of God, King of France and Navarre, To all who shall see these presents, Greeting. Whereas the Preliminaries, signed at Fontainebleau the third of November  of the last year, laid the foundation of the peace re­established  between us and our most dear and most beloved good Brother and  Cousin the King of Spain, on the one part, and our most dear and  most beloved good Brother the King of Great Britain, and our most  dear and most beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Portugal  on the other, We have had nothing more at heart since that happy epoch, than to consolidate and strengthen in the most lasting  manner, so salutary and so important a work, by a solemn and definitive  treaty between Us and the said powers. For these causes, and other good considerations, Us thereunto moving, We, trusting entirely  in the capacity and experience, zeal and fidelity for our service,  of our most dear and well­beloved Cousin, Cæsar Gabriel  de Choiseul, Duke of Praslin, Peer of France, Knight of our Orders,  Lieutenant General of our Forces and of the province of Britany,  Counsellor in all our Councils, Minister and Secretary of State, and of our Commands and Finances, We have named, appointed, and  deputed him, and by these presents, signed with our hand, do name,  appoint, and depute him our Minister Plenipotentiary, giving him  full and absolute power to act in that quality, and to confer,  negociate, treat and agree jointly with the Minister Plenipotentiary  of our most dear and most beloved good Brother the King of Great  Britain, the Minister Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most  beloved good Brother and Cousin the King of Spain and the Minister  Plenipotentiary of our most dear and most beloved good Brother  and Cousin the King of Portugal, vested with full powers, in good form, to agree, conclude and sign such articles, conditions, conventions, declarations, definitive treaty, accessions, and other acts whatsoever,  that he shall judge proper for securing and strengthening the  great work of peace, the whole with the same latitude and authority  that We ourselves might do, if We were there in person, even though  there should be something which might require a more special order  than what is contained in these presents, promising on the faith  and word of a King, to approve, keep firm and stable for ever,  to fulfil and execute punctually, all that our said Cousin, the  Duke of Praslin, shall have stipulated, promised and signed, in  virtue of the present full power, without ever acting contrary  thereto, or permitting any thing contrary thereto, for any cause,  or under any pretence whatsoever, as also to cause our letters  of ratification to be expedited in good form, and to cause them  to be delivered, in order to be exchanged within the time that  shall be agreed upon. For such is our pleasure. In witness whereof, we have caused our Seal to be put to these presents. Given at Versailles the 7th day of the month of February, in the year of  Grace 1763, and of our reign the forty­eighth. Signed Lewis, and on the fold, by the King, the Duke of Choiseul. Sealed with the great Seal of yellow Wax.

His Catholick Majesty's full Power.

DON CARLOS, by the grace of God, King of Castille, of Leon, of Arragon, of the two Sicilies, of Jerusalem, of Navarre,  of Granada, of Toledo, of Valencia, of Galicia, of Majorca, of  Seville, of Sardinia, of Cordova, of Corsica, of Murcia, of Jaen,  of the Algarves. of Algecira. of Gibraltar. of the Canary Islands, of the East and West Indies, Islands and Continent, of the Ocean,  Arch Duke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, of Brabant and Milan,  Count of Hapsburg, of Flanders, of Tirol and Barcelona, Lord of  Biscay and of Molino, &c. Whereas preliminaries of a solid and lasting peace between this Crown, and that of France on the  one part, and that of England and Portugal on the other, were  concluded and signed in the Royal Residence of Fontainbleau, the  3rd of November of the present year, and the respective ratifications  thereof exchanged on the 22d of the same month, by Ministers authorised  for that purpose, wherein it is promised, that a definitive treaty should be forthwith entered upon, having established and regulated  the chief points upon which it is to turn: and whereas in the  same manner as I granted to you, Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis  de Grimaldi, Knight of the Order of the Holy Ghost, Gentleman  of my Bed­chamber with employment, and my Ambassador Extraordinary  to the Most Christian King, my full power to treat, adjust, and  sign the before­mentioned preliminaries, it is necessary  to grant the same to you, or to some other, to treat, adjust,  and sign the promised definitive treaty of peace as aforesaid:  therefore, as you the said Don Jerome Grimaldi, Marquis de Grimaldi, are at the convenient place, and as I have every day fresh motives,  from your approved fidelity and zeal, capacity and prudence, to  entrust to you this, and other­like concerns of my Crown,  I have appointed you my Minister Plenipotentiary, and granted  to you my full power, to the end, that, in my name, and representing  my person, you may treat, regulate, settle, and sign the said  definitive treaty of peace between my Crown and that of France  on the one part, that of England and that of Portugal on the other,  with the Ministers who shall be equally and specially authorised  by their respective Sovereigns for the same purpose; acknowledging,  as I do from this time acknowledge, as accepted and ratified,  whatever you shall so treat, conclude, and sign; promising, on  my Royal Word, that I will observe and fulfil the same, will cause  it to be observed and fulfilled, as if it had been treated, concluded,  and signed by myself. In witness whereof, I have caused these presents to be dispatched, signed by my hand, sealed with my privy  seal, and countersigned by my under­written Counsellor of  State, and first Secretary for the department of State and of  War. Buen Retiro, the 10th day of December, 1762.

(Signed) I THE KING.

(And lower) Richard Wall