Translation:Tolkappiyam/Literary participles

Source in Tamil

Note
 * The serial number at the end denotes the verse in the part of the literature

Translation
 * Example to the verse, cited by Elamburanar, an interpreter to the literature ‘Tolkappiyam’ who belongs to 11th century A.D. and others is given indented star-mark.

The Tamil word [uriccol] designates literary participles. They are also defined as ‘indeclinable’ by some scholars. We may understand them as literary synonyms.

Definition

 * When we go to classify the literary participles, they appear raising from sounds, suggestiveness and quality, attaching to nouns or verbs, belonging to one word revealing many sense and many words revealing one sense. They are used frequently in their traditional form in their own sense. 1
 * Words with well known meaning are not concerned here. Only the words appear with peculiar meaning are discussed. 2

verse 3 to 20

 * The three literary participles: [ur’u], [thava] and [n”ani] designate many (fullness) 3
 * Tamil literary participles: [uru] signifies fear and word [purai] greatness. 4
 * Tamil literary participles: [kuru] and [ke’l”u] designate (notable) colour (red). 5
 * Tamil literary participles: [se’llal] and [innal] designate (mind) distress. 6
 * Tamil literary participles: [mallal] designate fertility and word [ee’] dignity. 7
 * Tamil literary participle: [ugappu] indicates the highest thinking and word [uvappu] delight. 8
 * Tamil literary participle [payappu] designates result. 9
 * Tamil literary participle [pasappu] indicates the (sallow) complexion. 10
 * Tamil literary participle [iyaipu] marks unity. 11
 * Tamil literary participle [isaippu] designates music. 12
 * Tamil literary participles [alamaral] and [the’rumaral] denote mind wavering. 13
 * Tamil literary participle [mal”a] and [kul”a] signify being young. 14
 * Tamil literary participle [siirththi] indicates great renown. 15
 * Tamil literary participle [maalai] indicates characteristic. 16
 * Tamil literary participles [kuurppu] and [kal”ivu] designate excelling the existence. 17
 * Tamil literary participles [kathal”vu] and [thunaivu] indicate swiftness. 18
 * Tamil literary participles [athirvu] and [vithirppu] indicate trembling. 19
 * The three Tamil literary participles [vaarthal], [poo’kal] and [o’l”ugal] indicate the two sense: length and order. 20

verse 21 to 40

 * Tamil literary participles [thiirthal] and [thiirththal] indicate forsake (disown). 21
 * Tamil literary participles [ke’davaral] and [pan’n’ai] indicate sports and games. 22
 * Tamil literary participles [thadu], [kaya] and [n”ani] indicate the size in large. 23
 * Among the three above Tamil literary participle [thada] will also indicate curve. 24
 * Tamil literary participle [kaya] also indicates tenderness. 25
 * Tamil literary participle [n”ani] also indicates denseness. 26
 * Tamil literary participle [pal”uthu] indicates useless. 27
 * Tamil literary participle [saaayal] indicates smoothness of a body. 28
 * Tamil literary participle [mul”uthu] indicates completeness. 29
 * Tamil literary participle [vambu] denotes unstableness. 30
 * Tamil literary participle [maathar] indicates passion of love. 31
 * Tamil literary participle [n”ambu] and [me’vu] denote desire. 32
 * The four Tamil literary participles [oo’ythal], [aaythal], [n”il”aththal] and [saa-ay] indicate intensive. 33
 * Tamil literary participle [pulambu] indicates solitary. 34
 * Tamil literary participle [thuvantru] indicates fullness. 35
 * Tamil literary participle [muranjal] indicates ripeness. 36
 * Tamil literary participle [ve’mmai] indicates desire. 37
 * Tamil literary participle [por’pu] indicates grandeur. 38
 * Tamil literary participle [var’ithu] denotes shortness. 39
 * Tamil literary participle [e’tram] indicates two senses: remembrance and determination. 40

verse 41 to 60

 * Tamil literary participles [pin’ai] and [pee’n’] indicate crave. 41
 * Tamil literary participle [pan’ai] indicates two senses: missing and growing large. 42
 * Tamil literary participle [padar] indicates two senses: thinking and advancing. 43
 * The two Tamil literary participle [payyul’] and [sir’umai] denote agony. 44
 * Tamil literary participle [e’yyaamai] denotes ignorance. 45
 * Tamil literary participle [n”antru] denotes greatness. 46
 * Tamil literary participle [the’vu] denotes seize. 47
 * Tamil literary participle [thaa] indicates two senses: strength and affliction. 48
 * Tamil literary participle [the’vvu] indicates enmity. 49
 * Tamil literary participles [vir’appu], [ur’appu] and [ve’r’uppu] indicate density. 50
 * Among the three above [vir’appu] indicates dread. 51
 * Tamil literary participles [kampalai], [summai], [kali] and [al”ungal] (the four) indicate clamor. 52
 * Among the four [al”ungal] indicates two more senses: pity and loss. 53
 * Tamil literary participle [kal”um] or [kal”umu] indicates bewilderment. 54
 * Tamil literary participle [se’l”umai] indicates fertility and fatness. 55
 * Tamil literary participle [vil”umam] indicates honour and distress. 56
 * Tamil literary participle [karuvi] indicates mass. 57
 * Tamil literary participle [kamam] indicates fullness. 58
 * Tamil literary participle [ari] indicates slenderness. 59
 * Tamil literary participle [kavavu] indicates cuddling. 60

Verse 61 to 80

 * Tamil literary participles [thuvaiththal], [silaithhtal], [iyambal] and [irangal] indicate sound. 61
 * Among the above [irangal] indicates repentance too. 62
 * Tamil literary participles [ilambadu] and [or’kam] indicate poverty. 63
 * Tamil literary participles [nje’mirthal] and [paaythal] indicate spreading. 64
 * Tamil literary participle [kavarvu] indicates desire. 65
 * Tamil literary participle [see’r] indicates amassment. 66
 * Tamil literary participle [viyal] indicates broad. 67
 * Three Tamil literary participles [pee’m],[n”aam] and [urum] indicate fear. 68
 * Tamil literary participle [vaya] indicates strength. 69
 * Tamil literary participle [vaal’] indicates radiance. 70
 * Tamil literary participle [thuya] indicates bewildered. 71
 * Tamil literary participle [uyaa] indicates hesitate. 72
 * Tamil literary participle [usaavu] indicates counsel. 73
 * Tamil literary participle [vayaa] indicates desire of pregnant ladies. 74
 * Tamil literary participles [karuppu] and [sivappu] indicate anger. 75
 * They also indicate colours. 76
 * Tamil literary participles [n”osivu], [n”l”aivu] and [n”un’nku] indicate minuteness. 77
 * Tamil literary participle [pun’ir’u] indicates recent calving. 78
 * Tamil literary participle [n”anavu] indicates two senses of meaning: broad area and extensiveness. 79
 * Tamil literary participle [mathavu] indicates both known-unknowns and strong. 80

Verses 81 to 91

 * The above participle indicates profusion and loveliness. 81
 * Tamil literary participle [yaan’ar] signifies advent (the arrival of the new). 82
 * Tamil literary participle [amarthal] mentions the loving inclination. 83
 * Tamil literary participle [yaan’] denotes beauty. 84
 * Tamil literary participles [paravu] and [pazhiccu] indicate worshipful adoration. 85
 * Tamil literary participle [kadi] signifies ten senses of meaning: excluding, sharpness, protection, newness, swiftness, brilliance, intensity, excellence, fear and vow. 86
 * It extends its significance to doubt and pungency. 87
 * Tamil literary participle [ai] indicates astonishment. 88
 * Tamil literary participle [munaivu] means disgust. 89
 * Tamil literary participle [vai] means sharpness. 90
 * Tamil literary participle [e’r’ul”] means strength. 91

General points

 * The traditional meaning and significations of the Tamil literary participles are to be inferred from the context used before or after the word. 92
 * New meaning apart from discussed above, if appears, it may also be accepted. 93
 * Finding meaning to the meanings will go endless. 94
 * The meaning find out in such away is obscurity. 95
 * Unlock of signification of Tamil literary participle rests on the wit of the learners. 96
 * Hardly does the source of sense-designation reveal to detail. 97
 * Naturally, splitting of phonemes in Tamil literary participle is not conceded. 98
 * Beyond the bounds of study it goes for one to draw in the untreated ones. The Tamil literary participles of varying contexts are to be determined their sense-designations in accordance of tradition where the rule protection is given. It is duty of learner to apply appropriate meaning of sense of designation. 99