Translation:Periplus (Pseudo-Scylax)

Epigraph
[This is] Skylax of Karyanda's Periplus of the inhabited sea of Europe, Asia, and Libya, on all the individual peoples and what they are like, one after the other, and the lands, harbours, and rivers, and all the lengths of voyages, and the five inhabited islands, as well as the individual ones located near the mainland.

Europe
1. Pillars of Herakles. I begin from the pillars of Herakles in Europe, all the way to the pillars of Herakles in Libya, and all the way to the great Ethiopians. The pillars of Herakles are located opposite one another and are separated from one another by a day's sail. ⟨and there are two islands there called Gadeira. The one with a city is a day's sail from the pillars of Herakles.> From the pillars of Herakles, there are many Carthaginian trading stations, clay, high tides and ocean.

2. Iberians. The first people of Europe are the Iberians, the people of Iberia and the river Iber. Then Emporion (a Greek city named Emporion). These are colonies of the Massaliotes. The voyage past Iberia is seven days and seven nights' sail.

3. Ligurians and Iberians. After the Iberians, there are Ligurians and Iberians mixed together until the River Rhodanos. The voyage past Ligurian from Emporion to the Rhodanos river is two days and one night's sail.

4. Ligurians. After the Rhodanos river, there are Ligurians until Antion. In this land there is a Greek city, Massalia, and a harbour * * *. These are colonies of Massalia. The voyage from the Rhodanos river to Antion is 4 days and four nights' voyage. From the pillars of Herakles to Antion, all the land is well-equipped with harbours.

5. Etruscans. The Etruscans live between Antion and the city of Rome. The voyage is four days and four nights' sail.

6. Kyrnos. The island of Kyrnos is located opposite Etruria. The voyage from Etruria to Kyrnos takes a day and a half. On this route, there is an inhabited island, called Aithalia, and many other islands which are not inhabited.

7. Sardinia. The voyage from the island of Kyrnos to the island of Sardinia takes a third of a day. There is an uninhabited island in between. From Sardinia to Libya is a voyage of a day and a night, while the voyage to Sicily from Sardinia takes two days and a night. I now return to the mainland at the point where I turned aside to Kyrnos.

8. Latins. The Latins come after Etruria and continue to Kirkaion. The tomb of Elpenor is located among the Latins. The voyage past the Latins is a day and a night's sail.

9. Olsoi. The Olsoi come after the Latins. The voyage past the Olsoi is one day's sail.

10. Campanians. The Campanians come after the Olsoi. These are the Greek cities in Campania: Kyme, Neapolis. Opposite these is Pithekoussa, which is an island and a Greek city.

11. Saunitai. The Saunitai come after the Campanians. The voyage past the Saunitai is half a day's sail.

12. Lucanians. The Lucanians come after the Saunitai and continue until Thouria. The voyage past the Lucanians is 6 days and 6 nights' sail. Lucania is a peninsula. In this country there are the following Greek cities: Poseidonia, Elea, Laos (a colony of Thourioi), Pandosia, Terina, Hipponion, Mesma, Rhegion (which is both the tip of the peninsula and a city).

13. Sicily. Opposite Rhegion is the island of Sicily, which is separated from Europe by a distance of 12 stadia, between Pelorias and Rhegion. There are the following barbarian peoples in Sicily: Elymians, Sicans, Sicels, Phoenicians, Trojans. These are the barbarians, but Greeks also live there. Pelorias is a peninsula of Sicily. From Pelorias, the Greek cities are: Messene (and harbour), Tauromenion, Naxos, Katane, Leontinoi (Leontinoi is 20 stadia up the Teria river), the Symaithos river and the city of Megaris, and the Xiphonian harbour. After the city of Megaris is the city of Syracuse, and there are two harbours there, one of which is inside the walls, the other of which is outside them. After this is the city of Eloros and the peninsula of Pachynos. From Pachynos the Greek cities are: Kamarina, Gela, Akragas, Selinous, and the Lilybaion peninsula. After Lilybaion, there is the Greek city of Himera, and after Himera, is the city of Lipara (which is an island), and the Greek city of Mylai (and harbour). From Mylai to Lipara island is a voyage of half a day. [And Sicily is triangular, with each side measuring roughly 1500 stadia.] I now return to the mainland at the point where I turned off. After Rhegion, there are the following cities: Lokroi, Kaulonia, Kroton, the Lakinian temple of Hera and the island of Kalypso, where Odysseus lived with Kalypso, and the Krathis river, and Sybaris and the city of Thouria. These are the Greeks in Lucania.

14. Iapygia. After Lucania, there are the Iapygian people, until Mount Orion on the Adriatic Sea. The voyage past the Iapygians is six days and six nights sail. Greeks live in Iapygia and their cities are: Herakleion, Metapontion, Taras (and harbour), and Hydrous at the mouth of the Adriatic or Ionian Sea.

15. Saunitai. After Iapygia, from Orion, are the Saunitai people. Among this people there are the following languages or dialects: Laternioi, Opikoi, Kramones, Boreontinoi, Peuketians. They stretch from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Adriatic. The voyage past the Saunite land is two days and a night's sail.

16. Ombrikoi: After the Saunite people, are the Ombrikoi. There is a city here, Ankon. These people honour Diomedes, because it benefited from his good deeds, and there is a temple dedicated to him. The voyage past Ombrika is two days and a night's sail.

17. Etruscans. After the Ombrikoi, the Etruscans. They too stretch from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Adriatic. There is a Greek city here, Spina, and a river. The journey up the river to the city is about 20 stadia. From here, the road to the city of Pisa takes three days.

18. Celts. After the Etruscans, there are the Celtic people (those who stayed behind when the rest went on campaign), stretching from the mountain passes to the Adriatic. This is the farthest point of the Adriatic Sea.

19. Enetoi. After the Celts are the Enetoi people. The river Eridanos is in their land. From there, the voyage is one day's sail.

20. Istroi. After the Enetoi are the Istrian people and the river Istros. This river enters the sea * * * to Egypt. The voyage past the Istrians' land is a day and a night's sail.

21. Libyrnoi. After the Istrians are the Libyrnoi people. Among this people, there are cities by the sea: Lias, Idassa, Attienites, Dyyrta, Alouphoi, Olsoi, Pedetai, Hemionoi. They are ruled by women and they are the wives of free men, but they have children with their own slaves and with the men from neighbouring countries. Opposite this land there are islands, whose names I can state (but there are many more which are unnamed): the island of Istris (310 stadia and a width of 120), the Elektrides, the Mentorides. These are the biggest islands. Katarbates river. The voyage past the Libyrnian land is two days' sail.

22. Illyrians. After the Libyrnoi are the Illyrian people and the Illyrians dwell along the coast as far as Chaonia, which is opposite Kerkyra, the island of Alkinoos. There is a Greek city there, which is called Herakleia, and a harbour. There are also the barbarians who are called the lotus-eaters: the Hierastamnai, the Boulinoi (Hyllinoi). The Boulinoi's neighbours are the Hylloi, who say that Hyllos the son of Herakles established them, but they are barbarians. They occupy a peninsula a little smaller than the Peloponnese. The island of Sissa extends alongside the peninsula, like a straight ribbon; the Boulinoi inhabit it. And the Boulinoi are an Illyrian people. The voyage past the Boulinoi's land to the River Nestos is a long day's sail.

23. Nestoi. After the Nestos, the voyage is full of bays. This whole gulf is called the Manios. The voyage is a day's sail. These are the islands in this gulf: ⟨Tragyras⟩, Krateiai, ⟨Brattia⟩, and Olynta. These are 2 stadia distant from one another, or thereabouts, opposite Pharos and Issa. New Pharos, a Greek island is there and Issa island and these are Greek cities. Before reaching the Naron river, [one encounters] lots of land stretching far out to sea. And there is an island near the shore which is called Melite and another island near this which is called Black Kerkyra. One end of this island points right away from the shore, and the other end meets it, near the Naron river. It is 20 stadia from Melite and 7 stadia from the shore.

24. Manioi. After the Nestoi is the Naron river. The channel leading into the Naron is not narrow - even a trireme can sail up it, and the upstream trading post is 80 stadia from the sea. These are the Manioi Illyrian people. The area inland from the trading post is a massive marsh and the marsh stretches to the Autariatai, an Illyrian people. And there is an island within the marsh, of 120 stadia. This island is exceptionally fertile. The Naron river flows out of this marsh. From the Naron to the Arion river is a day's sail. From the Arion river ⟨to the Rhizous river⟩ is half a day's sail. The stones of Kadmos and Harmonia are here and their sanctuary is not far away from the Rhizous river. From the Rhizous river to Bouthoe is ⟨half a day's sail, and the same amount to⟩ the trading post.

25. Eels. The Eels are one of the Illyrian peoples, who border the Rhizous. From Bouthoe to Epidamnos (a Greek city), is a day and a night's sail, by road it takes three days.

26. Taulantioi. It is among the Illyrian people of the Taulantioi that Epidamnos is located, and a river flows past the city called Palamnos. From Epidamnos to Apollonia (a Greek city) is two days' journey by road. Apollonia is 50 stadia from the sea and the river Aias flows through the city from the Pindos mountains. From Apollonia to Amantia is 320 stadia. Next to Amantia, but further on towards the Ionian Sea is Orikos. From Orikia it is 80 stadia to the sea, from Amantia it is 60 stadia. The Atintanes are the neighbouring people inland from Orikia and Dexaria to Dodonia. In the Kestrian land it is said that there is a plain, called Erytheia. It is said that Geryon lived and kept his cattle there. Opposite these are the Keraunian mountains in Epeiros and a little beyond them is an island called Sason. The voyage from there to Orikos city is a third of a day's sail.

27. Orikoi. The Orikoi inhabit the land of Amantia. From the Boulinoi to this point the people are Illyrians. The mouth of the Ionian Gulf stretched from the Keraunian mountains to the Iapygian peninsula. The voyage across from the Keraunians to Hydroeis city in Iapygia is about 500 stadia; this is the mouth of the Gulf. Everything inside it is the Ionian Sea. There are many harbours in the Adriatic. The Adriatic is the same as the Ionian Sea.

28. Chaonians. After the Illyrians are the Ionians. Chaonia has good harbours. The Chaonians dwell in villages. The voyage past Chaonia is half a day's sail.

29. Korkyra. Opposite Chaonia is the island of Korkyra and there is a Greek city on it, with three harbours associated with the city. One of these is closed. Korkyra points towards Thesprotia more than Chaonia. I now return to the mainland, where I turned aside.

30. Thesprotia. After Chaonia are the Thesprotian people. They too live in villages and the territory also has good harbours. There is a harbour there called Elaia. Into this harbour, the river Acheron discharges. There is a marsh, Acherousia, from which the Acheron river flows. The voyage past Thesprotian is half a day's sail.

31. Kassopoi. After Thesprotia are the Kassopian people. They too live in villages. They inhabit the coast as far as the Anaktoric Gulf. The voyage past the land of the Kassopoi is half a day's voyage. From the mouth of the Anaktoric Gulf to its innermost point is 120 stadia and the mouth is 4 stadia wide.

32. Molottia. After Kassopia, are the Molottian people. They also live in villages. They extend along the sea for only a short distance, but extend a long way inland. The voyage past the land of Molottia is 40 stadia.

33. Ambrakia. After Molottia, is Ambrakia, a Greek city. It is 80 stadia from the sea. There is also a wall along the sea and a closed harbour. Greece begins there and continues until the Peneios river and the Magnesian city of Omolios, which is next to the river. The voyage past Ambrakia is 120 stadia.

34. Akarnania. After Ambrakia are the Akarnanian people, and the first city here is Amphilochian Argos then Anaktorion and a harbour, then outside the Anaktoric Gulf there are: Aktion and after this the cape and city of Leukas, with a harbour. This projects out into the Leukate, which is a promontory visible far out at the sea. This city was previously called that of the Epileukadians. But when the Akarnanians had a civil war, they received a thousand colonists from Corinth, but these colonists killed them and took their land. Leukas is now an island, since it has been cut off with a ditch at the isthmus [a strait has been dug at the isthmus]. After this is the city of Phara, and opposite this, is the island of Ithaka (with a city and a harbour). After this is the island of Kephalenia. Now I return again to the mainland where I left off. After this is the city of Alyzia and, opposite this, the island of Karnos, the city of Astakos with a harbour, the river Acheloios, and the city of Oiniadai, which is reached by sailing up the Acheloios. There are also other Akarnanian cities inland. The voyage past Akarnania is two days and nights' sail. The whole of Akarnania is well-equipped with harbours and there are many islands located opposite it, which the Acheloios is turning into part of the mainland as it silts up. The islands are called the Echinades and they are uninhabited.

35. Aitolia. After Akarnania are the Aitolian people, and these are the cities in this place: Kalydon, Halikarna, and Molykreia. Then there is the Delphic Gulf. The mouth of the gulf is 10 stadia wide and the sanctuary is above it. Then the city of Naupaktos, and there are many other Aitolian cities inland. The voyage past Aitolia is one day's sail. Aitolia borders the whole of Lokris in the interior, as far as the Ainianans.

36. Lokroi. After the Aitolians are the Lokrian people, among whom are the ones called the Ozolians, and their cities are: Euanthis and Amphissa. There are more cities of theirs inland. The voyage past the land of the Lokrians is half a day's sail.

37. Phokians. After the Lokrians are the Phokian people on the Kirrhaian plain, and the sanctuary of Apollo, the city of Delphi, and the city of Antikyra, where the best hellebore is produced. The voyage past the land of the Phokians is half a day's sail.

38. Boiotians. After the Phokians are the Boiotian people and their cities are: Korsiai, Siphai (with harbour), Eutretos, and Boiotians' Fortress. The voyage past Boiotia is less than half a day's sail.

39. Megarians. After the Boiotians are the Megarian people, and their cities are: Aigosthena, Pegai, Geraneia Fortress, and Aris. The voyage past the land of the Megarians is 100 stadia.

40. Corinth. After the Megarians is the city and sanctuary of Corinth, Lechaion, and Isthmos. The Peloponnese begins at this point. The road over the isthmus from [this] sea to the sea near us is 40 stadia. The whole coast is a gulf. The voyage past the land of the Corinthians is half a day's sail.

41. Sikyon. After Corinth is the city of Sikyon. The voyage past this is 120 stadia.

42. Achaians. After Sikyon are the Achaian people and their cities are: Pellene, Aigeira, Aigai, Aigion, and Rhypes. Beyond [the strait of] Rhion are Patrai and Dyme. The voyage past the land of Achaia is 700 stadia.

43. Elis. After the Achaians, are the people of Elis and these are the cities there: Kyllene (with port), ⟨Olympia⟩ and the river Alpheios. There is also another collection of cities, Elis, in the interior. Opposite this land is the island of Zakynthos, on which there is a city and a harbour. The voyage past the land of the Eleians, as far as the Lepreat mountains, is 700 stadia.

44. Arkadia. After Elis, are the people of Arkadia. Arkadia stretches to the sea below Lepreon, from the interior. Their cities are in the interior and the largest ones are: Tegea, Mantineia, Heraia, Orchomenos, and Stymphalos. There are also other cities. The voyage past the land of the Lepreates is 100 stadia.

45. Messene. After Arkadia, are the people of Messene and these are the cities there: (first Messene and harbour); Kyparissos, which is 7 stadia from the sea; ⟨first island, on which there is also a harbour⟩; Ithome, which is in the interior, 80 stadia from the sea. The voyage past the land of Messene is 300 stadia.

46. Lakedaimon. After Messene, are the people of Lakedaimon and these are the cities there: Asine, Mothone, Achilleios harbour and opposite this Psamathous harbour. The temple of Poseidon, Tainaros, projects out into the sea between the two of these. Then Las (city and harbour); Gytheion in which there is a naval yard, and a fortress, then the river Eurotas, the city of Boia, and Cape Malea. [Kythera]. Opposite this is the island of Kythera with a city and harbour. Opposite this is the island of Crete. After the aforementioned Cape Malea, is Side (city and harbour, Epidauros (city and harbour), Prasia (city and harbour), [Methana] ⟨Anthana⟩ (city and harbour). There are also other cities of the Lakedaimonians. In the interior is Sparta and many other cities. The voyage past the land of the Lakedaimonians is three days' sail.

47. Crete. Opposite Lakedaimon is the island of Crete, for Lakedaimon is the closest part of Europe. But the journey from Lakedaimon to the closest point of Crete, where the city of Phalasarna is located, is a rapid sail of a day. Heading away from the Phalasarnans is the promontory [called] the Ram's forehead. The voyage in the direction of the south wind leads to Libya, and to the Haliades of the peninsula of the Cyrenaeans, is a voyage of a day and a night. Crete is 2500 stadia long, but it is narrow, and is stretched out from west to east. Some of the Greeks who live on Crete are colonists of the Lakedaimonians, some of the Argives, some of the Athenians and some from everywhere else in the rest of Greece. Some of them are also autochthonous. There are many cities on Crete. Starting at Cape Korykos, the most westerly city is the aforementioned Phalasarna and its enclosed harbour; then Polyrrhenia, whose territory stretches from the north coast to the south coast; then the Diktynnaion, a sanctuary of Artemis, on the north coast, in the land of Pergamia and Hyrtakina to the south; Kydonia and its enclosed harbour on the north coast, and Elyros city in the interior, with Lissa city and harbour near the Ram's Forehead [on the southern coast]; to the north the land of Apteraia, then Lampaia, which extends to both coasts, and the river Mesapios is in its territory. Then Osmida. After Osmida is Eleuthernai on the north coast and Sybrita on the south. Then to the north is Panormos city and harbour, with Phaistos to the south. To the north, Oaxos and Knossos, and to the south, Gortyn, Rhaukos. Then in the interior, Lyktos, which extends to both coasts. Then to the north is Mount Kadiston and the harbour there is Olous and Pan. Praisos extends to both coasts. [Granos]. Itanon is the cape of Crete pointing to the east. There are also other cities in Crete, such that it is called Hekatompolis.

48. Cyclades islands. These are the inhabited Cyclades, opposite the Lakedamonian land: Melos and harbour, then Kimolos, then Oliaros, then Sikinos, which is also a city, then Thera, then Anaphe, then Astypalaia. I now return to the mainland at the point where I turned off.

49. Argos. After Lakedaimon, is the city of Argos and within its territory is Nauplia and a port. Inland there is, also, Kleonai, Mycenae, and Tiryns. The voyage past the Argive territory is a circuit (for it is the so-called Argolic Gulf) of 150 stadia.

50. Epidauros. After Argos is the territory of Epidauros, which extends along the gulf for 30 stadia. After the Epidaurian land is Halia (with its harbour). This is at the mouth of the Argolic Gulf. The voyage past it is a hundred stadia.

51. Hermion. After this is the city of Hermion and its harbour. The voyage past this is 80 stadia. After Hermion is Skyllaion, the cape of the Gulf bordering the Isthmos. Skyllaion is part of Troizen. Its counterpart is Cape Sounion, which is in Athenian territory. Opposite this is Belbina island and its city. From the mouth of this Gulf in to the Isthmos is 740 stadia. And this Gulf is itself very straight at the mouth.

52. Troizenia. After Hermion is the city of Troizenia and its harbour. The voyage past it is 30 stadia. After this is the island of Kalauria, with a city and harbour. The voyage past it is 300 stadia.

53. Aigina. Opposite this is the island and city of Aigina, with its two harbours. And I return to the mainland at the point where I turned off.

54. Epidauros. After Troizenia is the city of Epidauros and its harbour. The voyage past Epidauros' territory is <1>30 stadia.

55. Corinthia. After Epidauros, is the eastern part of the territory of the Corinthians, and the fort of Kenchreiai and Isthmos, where the sanctuary of Poseidon is. Here the Peloponnese ends. The land beyond the Isthmos also belongs to the Corinthians, and there is the fortress of Sidous and another fortress, Kremyon. The voyage past the Corinthian territory to the Megarians' borders is 300 stadia.

56. Megara. After the Corinthians' territory is the city of Megara, along with the harbour and fortification of Nisaia. The voyage past the territory of the Megarians to the Iapis (which is the border of the Athenians' territory) is 140 stadia.

57. Attica. After the Megarans, are the cities of the Athenians. The first place in Attica is Eleusis, where the sanctuary of Demeter is and a fortress. Opposite this is the island of Salamis, with a city and a port. Then there is the Peiraieus and "the legs" and Athens. The Peiraieus has 3 harbours. Then there is the fortress and harbour of Anaphlystos. Then Cape Sounion and its fortress, and the sanctuary of Poseidon. Thorikos, with a fortress and two harbours. Rhamnous fortress. There are also many other harbours in Attica. The voyage past the Athenians' territory is 1140 stadia; from the land around Iapis, to Sounion is 490 stadia; from Sounion to the Boiotians' borders is 650 stadia.

58. Cycladic Islands. Off Attica are the islands called the Cyclades, and these are the cities on these islands: Keos (this is a tetrapolis: Poieessa city, with harbour, Koressia, Ioulis, Karthaia); Helene; Kythnos island and city; Seriphos island, city and harbour; Siphnos; Paros, which has two harbours, one of which is enclosed; Naxos; Delos; Rhene; Syros; Mykonos, which has two cities; Tenos and harbour; Andros and harbour. So these are the Kyklades, but below these, there are these other islands to the south, part of the Scattered islands: Ios and harbour (where Homer is buried); Amorgos, which is a tripolis with a harbour; Ikaros, which has two cities. After Andros, is the island of Euboia, which is a tetrapolis. On it are Karystos, Eretria and its port, Chalkis and its port, Hestiaia and its port. From the Kenaion sanctuary of Zeus to Geraistos (the sanctuary of Poseidon), Euboia is 1350 stadia long, but in width Euboia is narrow. In the Aigaian Sea there are these islands: Opposite Eretria is Skyros and its city; Ikos, which has two cities; Peparethos, which has three cities and a harbour; Skiathos, which has two cities and a harbour. After this I return to the mainland at the point where I turned off.

59. Boiotians. After Athens, are the Boiotian people. For they also stretch down to this sea. And the first place in this land is the sanctuary of Delion, then the sanctuary of Aulis, the fortress of the Euripos, the fortress of Anthedon. Thebes, Thespiai, Orchomenos in the interior. There are also other cities. The voyage past the land of Boiotia from Delion to the borders of the Lokrians is 250 stadia.

60. Lokrians. After the Boiotians are the Lokrian people. They have the following cities opposite Euboia: Larymna, Kynos, Opous, Alope. There are also many other Lokrian cities. The voyage past the territory is 200 stadia.

61. Phokians. After the Lokrians are the Phokians. For these too stretch over to this sea. And these are their cities: Thronion, Knemis, Elateia, Panopeus. There are also other cities in the interior. The voyage past the Phokians' territory is 200 stadia.

62. Melians. After the Phokians, are the Melians and the Melieus Gulf. Within this gulf are the so-called Harbour-Dorians: Erinneos, Boion, Kytinion. Here is Thermopylai, Trachis, Oite, Herakleia, Spercheios River.

63. Malians. After the Melians, are the Malian people. There is among the Malians, first, the city of Lamia, then the city of Echinos. The Malians have other cities too, up to where the gulf narrows to touch. The Ainianes inhabit the interior above the land of the Malians, and the Spercheios River flows through them.

64. Achaians. Beyond the Malian Gulf are the Phthiot Achaian people. They are also in the Pagasetic Gulf on the left hand side as one sails in, to about halfway along the shore of the gulf. These are the cities of the Achaians: Antrones, Larissa, Melitaia, Demetrion, Thebes. There are also other cities of the Achaians in the interior.

65. Thessaly. After the Achaians, Thessaly reaches down to the sea from the interior to the Pagasetic Gulf in a narrow strip - 30 stadia. And these are the cities of Thessaly by the sea: Amphanaion, Pagasai; and in the interior: Pherai, Larissa, Pharsalos, Kieron, Pelinnaion, Skotousa, Krannon. There are also other Thessalian cities in the interior. Thessaly extends inland past the Ainians, Dolopes, Malians, Achaians, and Magnetes, as far as Tempe. The length of the Pagastetic Gulf, from the mouth to the deepest point, near Pagasai, is that of a voyage that could be completed before breakfast. Its mouth is 5 stadia [wide]. In the Pagasetic Gulf is the island of Kikynethos, with a city.

66. Magnetes. The Magnetes people are by the sea and these are their cities: Iolkos, Methone, Korakai, Spalauthra, Olizon, Isai with harbour. Outside the Pagasetic Gulf: Meliboia, Rhizous, Eurymenai, Myrai. In the interior the Perrhaibian people live, who are Greeks. Greece runs continuously from Ambrakia to this point. Generally, the whole area by the sea is similarly in Greece.

67. Makedonia. After the Peneios river, there are the Makedonian people and the Thermaic Gulf. The first city in Makedonia is Herakleion, then Dion, Pydna (a Greek city), Methone (a Greek city) and the Haliakmon river, Aloros city and the river Lydias, Pella city with the royal palace in it, and reaches it by voyaging up the Lydias river. Then the Axios river, the Echedoros river, Therme city, Aineia (Greek). Then Pallene, a long cape stretching out into the sea, and these are the Greek cities on Pallene: Potidaia, which blocks the isthmus in the middle, Mende, Aphytis, Thrambeis, Skione, Kanastraion is the cape and sanctuary of Pallene. Beyond the isthmos are these cities: Olynthos (Greek), Mekyberna (Greek), Sermylia (Greek) and the Sermylic Gulf. Torone (Greek city) with harbour, Dion (Greek), Thyssos (Greek), Kleonai (Greek), Mount Athos, Akrothooi (Greek), Charadrous (Greek), Olophyxos (Greek), Akanthos (Greek), Alapta (Greek), Arethousa (Greek), Lake Bolbe, Apollonia (Greek). There are also many others in the interior of Makedonia. The coast is full of bays. The voyage around the bays is two days' sail. After Makedonia is the Strymon river. This forms the border between Makedonia and Thrace.

68. Thrace. Thrace extends from the Strymon river to the Istros River on the Euxine Pontos. These are the Greek cities in Thrace: Amphipolis, Phagres, Galepsos, Oisyme and other Thasian trading posts. Opposite these is the island of Thasos, with a city and two ports, one of which is enclosed. I now return to the point where I turned off. Neapolis, below this Daton (a Greek city which Kallistratos the Athenian founded), and the River Nestos, Abdera city, Koudetos river, and Maroneia. Opposite this is the island of Samothrace and harbour. Opposite this on the mainland are the trading posts Drys, Zone, the river Hebros, on which is the Douriskos fortress, Ainos city and harbour, fortresses of the Ainians in Thrace. Melas Gulf, Melas river, the trading post of Deris, Kobrys, which is a trading post of the Kardians and another one called Kympasis. Opposite the Melas Gulf is the island and city of Imbros, the island and city of Lemnos. I return to the mainland at the point where I left off.

After the Melas Gulf is the Thracian Chersonese and these are the cities on it: Kardia, Ithe, Paion, Alopekonnesos, ⟨Drabos⟩, Elaious, Madytos, Sestos at the mouth of the Propontis, which is 6 stadia [wide]. Beyond the Aigospotamoi river is: Kressa, Krithote, Paktye. Up to this point is the Thracian Chersonese. From Paktye to Kardia over the neck [of the peninsula] from sea to sea is 40 stadia on foot. There is also a city in the middle, called Agora. The length of the Chersonese from Kardia to Elaious (for this is the longest dimension) is 400 stadia.

After the Chersonese, there are these Thracian fortresses: firstly White Point, then Teiristasis, Herakleia, Ganos, Ganiai, New Fortress, Perinthos (city and harbour), Daunion fortress, Selymbria (city and harbour). From here to the mouth of the Pontos is 500 stadia. The region around the Bosporos until you come to Hieron is called the "Voyage up". At Hieron the mouth of the Pontos is 5 stadia wide. These are the Greek cities on the Pontos in Thrace: Apollonia, Mesembria, Odessopolis, Kallatis and the river Istros. The voyage past Thrace from the Strymon river to Sestos is two days and two nights' voyage, then from Sestos to the mouth of the Pontos is two days and two nights' voyage, then from the mouth to the Istros river is three days' and three nights' voyage. The entire voyage along the Thracian coast from the river Strymon to the river Istros is seven days and seven nights' voyage.

69. '''Skythia. Taurians'''. After Thrace are the Skythian people and these are the Greek cities among them: Tyras river, Nikonion city, Ophiousa city. Next to Skythia, the Taurian people inhabit a peninsula of the mainland. This peninsula projects into the sea. Greeks live on the Tauric peninsula and these are their cities: Chersonesos trading post, Ram's Forehead, Tauric Cape. After these are the Skythians again and these are the Greek cities in this place: Theudosia, Kytaia and Nymphaia, Pantikapaion, Myrmekeion. A direct voyage from the Istros to Ram's Forehead is three days and three nights' sail, but a voyage along the coast takes twice this time, because it is a bay. In this bay there is an island, an uninhabited island, called White, sacred to Achilles. From Ram's Forehead, the voyage to Pantikapaion is a day and a night's sail. From Pantikapaion to the mouth of Lake Maiotis is 20 stadia. Lake Maiotis is said to be the halfway point [as one sails around] Pontos. In Lake Maiotis, as one sails in, the Skythians are on the left, for they stretch from the Outer Sea, past the Tauric peninsula, up to Lake Maiotis.

70. Syrmatai. After the Skythians are the Syrmatai people and the river Tanais, which forms the border between Asia and Europe.

71. The whole voyage from the Pillars of Herakles in Europe. Assuming that the person sails around the bays, sticking to the coast and, wherever we have written "nights", calculating as days instead, and where we have written stadia, treating 500 stadia as equivalent to a day's voyage, then the voyage past Europe including half the voyage around Pontios (that is to say, to Lake Maiotis) comes to 153 days. And the largest rivers in Europe are the Tanais, the Istros, the Rhodanos.

Asia
72. Sauromatai. Then Asia begins from the Tanais, and the first people in it are the Sauromatai on the Pontos. And the Sauromatan people are ruled by women.

73. Maiotai. The Maiotai are among those ruled by women.

74. Sindoi. After the Maiotai are the Sindoi people, who stretch to the outside of the lake. And these are the Greek cities among them: Phanagoros' city, Kepoi, Sindic harbour, Patous.

75. Kerketai. After the Sindic harbour are the Kerketai people.

76. Toreatai. After the Kerketai are the Toretai people and the Greek city of Torikos, with harbour.

77. Achaians. After the Toreatai are the Achaian people.

78. Charioteers. After the Achaians are the Charioteer people.

79. Koraxoi. After the Charioteers are the Koraxoi people.

80. Kolike. After the Koraxoi are the Kolike people.

81. Black-cloaks. After the Kolike are the Black-cloaks people and among them is the Metasoris river and the Aigipios river.

82. Gelones. After the black-cloaks are the Gelones.

83. Kolchians. After these are the Kolchian people and Dioskouris city and Gyenos (a Greek city), and Gyenos river and Cherobios river, Chorsos/Chobos river, Arios/Grateful river, Phasis river, Phasis (a Greek city) and the journey up the river is 180 stadia to the great barbarian city that Medeia came from. In that area is the Rhis river, Isis river, Leiston river, Apsaros river.

84. Byzeres. After the Kolchians are the Byzeres people and Daraanon river and Arion river.

85. Truce-makers. After the Byzeres are the Truce-maker people and the river Pordanis and the Arabis river, Marsh city, and Odeinios (a Greek city). <!--

86. Βεχειρική
Μετὰ Ἐκεχειριεῖς Βέχειροι ἔθνος, Βεχειρικὸς λιμήν, Βεχειριὰς πόλις Ἑλληνίς.

87. Μακροκέφαλοι
Μετὰ δὲ Βεχειρὰς Μακροκέφαλοι ἔθνος, καὶ Ψωρῶν λιμήν, Τραπεζοῦς πόλις Ἑλληνίς.

88. Μοσσύνοικοι
Μετὰ δὲ Μακροκεφάλους Μοσσύνοικοι ἔθνος, καὶ Ζεφύριος λιμήν, Χοιράδες πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Ἄρεως νῆσος. Οὗτοι ὄρη κατοικοῦσιν.

89. Τιβαρηνοί
Μετὰ δὲ Μοσσύνους ἔθνος ἐστὶ Τιβαρηνοί.

90. Χάλυβες
Μετὰ δὲ Τιβαρηνοὺς Χάλυβές εἰσιν ἔθνος, καὶ Γενήτης λιμὴν κλειστός, Σταμένεια πόλις Ἑλληνίς, καὶ Ἰασονία ἀκρόπολις Ἑλληνίς.

91. Ἀσσυρία
Μετὰ δὲ Χάλυβας Ἀσσυρία ἐστὶν ἔθνος καὶ ποταμὸς Θερμώδων καὶ πόλις Ἑλληνὶς Θεμίσκυρα, Λύκαστος ποταμὸς καὶ πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Ἅλυς ποταμὸς καὶ Κάρουσσα πόλις Ἑλληνὶς, Σινώπη πόλις Ἑλληνὶς, Κερασοῦς πόλις Ἑλληνὶς καὶ Ὀχέραινος ποταμός, Ἁρμένη πόλις Ἑλληνὶς καὶ λιμήν, Τετράκις πόλις Ἑλληνίς.

92. Παφλαγονία
Μετὰ δὲ Ἀσσυρίαν ἐστὶ Παφλαγονία ἔθνος. Ἔστι δὲ ἐν αὐτῆι Στεφάνη λιμήν, Κόλουσσα πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Κίνωλις πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Κάραμβις πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Κύτωρις πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Σησαμὸς πόλις Ἑλληνίς καὶ Παρθένιος ποταμός, Τίειον πόλις Ἑλληνὶς καὶ λιμήν, Ψύλλα καὶ ποταμὸς Καλλίχορος.

93. Μαριάνδυνοι
Μετὰ δὲ Παφλαγονίαν Μαριάνδυνοί εἰσιν ἔθνος. Ἐνταῦθα πόλις ἐστὶν Ἡράκλεια Ἑλληνίς, καὶ ποταμὸς Λύκος καὶ ἄλλος ποταμὸς Ὕπιος.

94. Βιθυνοί
Μετὰ δὲ Μαριανδύνους εἰσὶ Θρᾶικες Βιθυνοὶ ἔθνος, καὶ ποταμὸς Σαγάριος καὶ ἄλλος ποταμὸς Ἀρτάνης καὶ νῆσος Θυνιὰς (οἰκοῦσι δὲ αὐτὴν Ἡρακλεῶται) καὶ ποταμὸς Ῥήβας. Εἶθ᾽ εὐθὺς ὁ πόρος καὶ τὸ προειρημένον ἱερὸν ἐν τῶι στόματι τοῦ Πόντου, καὶ μέτα τοῦτο πόλις Χαλκηδὼν ἔξω <τοῦ πόρου τῆς> Θρᾶικης, μεθ᾽ ἣν ὁ κόλπος ὁ Ὀλβιανός. Παράπλους ἀπὸ Μαριανδύνων μέχρι τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ κόλπου τοῦ Ὀλβιανοῦ (τοσαὐτὴ γάρ ἐστιν Βιθυνῶν Θρᾶικη) ἡμερῶν τριῶν. Ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ Πόντου, ἕως <ἐπὶ> τὸ στόμα τῆς Μαιώτιδος λίμνης παραπλήσιός ἐστιν ὁ πλοῦς, ὅ τε παρὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην καὶ τὴν Ἀσίαν.

95. Μυσία
Μετὰ δὲ Θρᾶικην Μυσία ἔθνος. Ἔστι δὲ τὸ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερᾶι τοῦ Ὀλβιανοῦ κόλπου ἐκπλέοντι εἰς τὸν Κιανὸν κόλπου μέχρι Κίου. Ἡ δὲ Μυσία ἀκτή ἐστι. Πόλεις δ᾽ ἐν αὐτῆι Ἑλληνίδες εἰσὶν αἵδε· Ὀλβία καὶ λιμήν, Καλλίπολις καὶ λιμήν, ἀκρωτήριον τοῦ Κιανοῦ κόλπου, καὶ ἐν ἀριστερᾶι Κίος πόλις καὶ Κίος ποταμός. Παράπλους δὲ τῆς Μυσίας εἰς Κίον ἡμέρας μιᾶς.

96. Φρυγία
Μετὰ δὲ Μυσίαν Φρυγία ἐστὶν ἔθνος, καὶ πόλεις Ἑλληνίδες αἵδε· Μύρλεια καὶ Ῥύνδακος ποταμὸς καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῶι Βέσβικος νῆσος, καὶ πόλις Πλακία καὶ Κύζικος ἐν τῶι ἰσθμῶι ἐμφράττουσα τὸν ἰσθμόν, καὶ ἐντὸς τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ Ἀρτάκη. Κατὰ ταύτην νῆσός ἐστι καὶ πόλις Προκόννησος καὶ ἑτέρα νῆσος εὐλιμενος Ἑλαφόννησος· γεωργοῦσι δ᾽ αὐτὴν Προκοννήσιοι. Ἐν δὲ τῆι ἠπείρωι πόλις ἐστὶ Πρίαπος, Πάριον, Λάμψακος, Περκώτη, Ἄβυδος, καὶ τὸ στόμα κατὰ Σηστὸν τῆς Προποντίδος τοῦτό ἐστι.

97. Τρωάς
Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ Τρωὰς ἄρχεται, καὶ πόλεις Ἑλληνίδες εἰσὶν ἐν αὐτῆι αἵδε· Δάρδανος, Ῥοίτειον, Ἴλιον (ἀπέχει δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάττης στάδια κεʹ) καὶ ἐν αὐτῆι ποταμὸς Σκάμανδρος. Καὶ νῆσος κατὰ ταῦτα κεῖται Τένεδος καὶ λιμήν, ὅθεν Κλεόστρατος ὁ ἀστρόλογός ἐστι. Καὶ ἐν τῆι ἠπείρωι Σίγη καὶ Ἀχίλλειον καὶ Κρατῆρες Ἀχαιῶν, Κολωναί, Λάρισσα, Ἁμαξιτὸς καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀπόλλωνος, ἵνα Χρύσες ἱερᾶτο.

98. Αἰολίς
Ἐντεῦθεν δὲ Αἰολὶς χώρα καλεῖται. Αἰολίδες δὲ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι εἰσὶν ἐπὶ θαλάττηι αἵδε· <Ἄσσος, Γάργαρα, Ἄντανδρος· ἐν δὲ μεσογείαι αἵδε·> Κεβρήν, Σκῆψις, Νεάνδρεια, Πιτύεια. Παράπλους Φρυγίας ἀπὸ Μυσίας μέχρι Ἀντάνδρου **.

99. Λέσβος
Κατὰ ταῦτά ἐστι νῆσος Αἰολὶς Λέσβος, εʹ πόλεις ἔχουσα ἐν αὐτῆι τάσδε· Μήθυμναν, Ἄντισσαν, Ἐρεσόν, Πύρραν καὶ λιμένα, Μιτυλήνην λιμένας ἔχουσαν δύο. Κατὰ δὲ ταύτην νῆσός ἐστι καὶ πόλις· ὄνομα δὲ ταύτης Πορδοσελήνη. Ἐπάνειμι δὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον, ὅθεν ἐξετραπόμην ἐπὶ τὰς νήσους.

100. Λυδία
Ἀπὸ Ἀντάνδρου καὶ τῆς Αἰολικῆς τὸ κάτω ἦν πρότερον μὲν δι᾽ αὑτὴν ἡ χώρα Μυσία μέχρι Τευθρανίας, νῦν δὲ Λυδία. Μυσοὶ δ᾽ ἐξανέστησαν εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον ἄνω. Εἰσὶ δὲ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι Ἑλληνίδες καὶ ἐν τῆι Λυδίαι αἵδε· Ἄστυρα, οὗ τὸ ἱερὸν <Ἀρτέμιδος, καὶ> Ἀδραμύττιον. Ἡ δὲ χώρα Λεσβία· καὶ ὑπὲρ ταύτης ἡ Χίων χώρα καὶ πόλις Ἀταρνεύς· ὑπὸ δὲ ταῦτα ἐπὶ θάλατταν λιμὴν Πιτάνη καὶ ποταμὸς Κάϊκος. Μέτα Πιτάνην Ἐλαία, Γρύνειον, Ἀχαιῶν λιμήν· ἐν τούτωι λέγονται Ἀχαιοὶ βουλεύσασθαι ἐπὶ τὸν Τήλεφον πότερον στρατεύοιεν ἢ ἀπίοιεν· πόλις Μύρινα καὶ λιμήν, Κύμη καὶ λιμὴν (ὑπὲρ δὲ Κύμης ἐν μεσογείαι πόλις Ἑλληνίς ἐστιν Αἰγαὶ) καὶ Λεῦκαι καὶ λιμένες καὶ Σμύρνα, ἐν ἧι Ὅμηρος ἦν, Φώκαια καὶ λιμὴν καὶ Ἕρμος ποταμός, Κλαζομεναὶ καὶ λιμήν, Ἐρυθραὶ καὶ λιμήν. Κατὰ δὲ ταύτας νῆσός ἐστι Χίος καὶ λιμήν. Ἐπάνειμι πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον. Γέραι πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Τέως πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Λέβεδος, Κολοφὼν ἐν μεσογείαι, Νότιον καὶ λιμήν, Ἀπόλλωνος Κλαρίου ἱερόν, Καϋστρος ποταμός, Ἔφεσος καὶ λιμήν, Μαραθήσιον καὶ ἐν τῆι ἠπείρωι Μαγνησία πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Ἄναια, Πανιώνιον, Ἐρασιστράτιος, Χαραδροῦς, Φώκαια, Ἀκαδαμίς, Μυκάλη· ἐν τῆι Σαμίων χώραι ταῦτά ἐστι. Πρὸ δὲ τῆς Μυκάλης Σάμος ἐστὶ νῆσος πόλιν ἔχουσα καὶ λιμένα κλειστόν. Αὕτη ἡ νῆσος οὐκ ἐλάσσων ἐστὶ Χίου. Ἐπάνειμι δὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον, ὅθεν ἐξετραπόμην. Ἐπὶ τῆς Μυκάλης ἐστὶ πόλις Πριήνη λιμένας ἔχουσα δύο, ὧν τὸν ἕνα κλειστόν· εἶτα ποταμὸς Μαίανδρος. Παράπλους δὲ Μυσίας καὶ Λυδίας, ἀπὸ Ἀστύρων μέχρι Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ, δύο ἡμερῶν καὶ νυκτὸς μιᾶς.

101. Καρία
Μετὰ δὲ Λυδίαν Καρία ἐστὶν ἔθνος, καὶ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι Ἑλληνίδες αἵδε· Ἡράκλεια, εἶτα Μίλητος, εἶτα Μύνδος καὶ λιμήν, Ἁλικαρνασσὸς καὶ λιμὴν κλειστὸς καὶ ἄλλος λιμὴν περὶ τὴν νῆσον καὶ ποταμός, Κάλυμνα νῆσος, Καρύανδα νῆσος καὶ πόλις καὶ λιμὴν (οὗτοι Κᾶρες), νῆσος Κῶς καὶ πόλις καὶ λιμὴν κλειστός. Κατὰ ταῦτα Κεραμιακὸς κόλπος τῆς Καρίας, καὶ νῆσος καὶ λιμήν. Ἐπάνειμι πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον. Ἀκρωτήριον ἱερὸν Τριόπιον, Κνίδος πόλις Ἑλληνίς καὶ χώρα ἡ Ῥοδίων ἡ ἐν τῆι ἠπείρωι, Καῦνος Καρικὴ πόλις καὶ λιμὴν κλειστός, Κρυασσὸς ἀκρωτήριον. Ῥόδος κατὰ τοῦτο νῆσος καὶ πόλις· καὶ τρίπολις ἀρχαία ἐν αὐτῆι, πόλεις αἵδε· Ἴαλυσος, Λίνδος, Κάμειρος. Κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ῥόδον αἵδε νῆσοί εἰσιν οἰκούμενοι· Χάλκεια, Τῆλος, Κάσος, Κάρπαθος· αὕτη τρίπολις. Καὶ ὁ παράπλους Καρίας, ἀπὸ Μαιάνδρου ποταμοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν Κρυασσόν, ὅ ἐστι Καρίας ἀκρωτήριον, δύο ἡμερῶν. Ἐπάνειμι πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον, ὅθεν ἐξετραπόμην.

102. Λυκία
Ἀπὸ δὲ Καρίας Λυκία ἐστὶν ἔθνος· καὶ πόλεις Λυκίοις αἵδε· Τελμισσὸς καὶ λιμήν, καὶ ποταμὸς Ξάνθος, δι᾽ οὗ ἀνάπλους εἰς <Ξάνθον πόλιν,> Πάταρα πόλις <ἣ> καὶ λιμένα ἔχει· Φέλλος πόλις καὶ λιμήν· κατὰ ταῦτα νῆσός ἐστι Ῥοδίων Μεγίστη· Λίμυρα πόλις, εἰς ἣν ὁ ἀνάπλους κατὰ τὸν ποταμόν·εἶτα Γαγαία πόλις, εἶτα Χελιδονίαι, ἀκρωτήριον καὶ λιμὴν Σιδηροῦς. Ὑπὲρ τούτου ἐστὶν ἱερὸν Ἡφαίστου ἐν τῶι ὄρει καὶ πῦρ πολὺ αὐτόματον ἐκ τῆς γῆς καίεται καὶ οὐδέποτε σβέννυται. Καὶ ἐὰν προέλθηις ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἀνώτερον, ἔστι Φασηλίς πόλις καὶ λιμὴν (ἔστι δὲ τοῦτο κόλπος) καὶ Ἴδυρος πόλις, νῆσος Λυρνάτεια, Ὀλβία, Μάγυτος καὶ ποταμὸς Καταρράκτης, Πέγνη πόλις καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδος. Ἐπ᾽ εὐθείας δὲ παράπλους ἐστὶν Λυκίας ἀπὸ <Καρίας> ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός· ὁ δὲ παρὰ γῆν διπλάσιος τούτου· ἔστι γὰρ κολπώδης.

103. Παμφυλία
Μετὰ δὲ Λυκίαν ἐστὶ Παμφυλία ἔθνος, καὶ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι αἵδε· Ἄσπενδος πόλις· εἰς ταύτην ὁ ἀνάπλους γίνεται κατὰ ποταμόν· ὁ δὲ ποταμός ἐστιν Εὐρυμέδων· εἶτα πόλις Σύλλειον, ἄλλη πόλις Σίδη, Κυμαίων ἀποικία, καὶ λιμήν. Παράπλους Παμφυλίας ἀπὸ Πέγνης ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι πόλεις Παμφυλίας, Κίβυρα, εἶτα Κορακήσιον.

104. Κιλικία
Μετὰ δὲ Παμφυλίαν Κιλικία ἐστὶν ἔθνος, καὶ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι αἵδε· Σελινοῦς, Χαραδροῦς πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Ἀνεμούριον ἄκρα καὶ πόλις, Νάγιδος πόλις <ἣ> καὶ νῆσον ἔχει. Πρὸς δὲ τὴν [Σητὸν] <Κητὸν (?)> λιμένα Ποσείδειον, Σάλον, Μυοῦς, Κελένδερις πόλις, καὶ λιμὴν Ἀφροδίσιος καὶ λιμὴν ἕτερος, Ὅλμοι πόλις Ἑλληνὶς [λιμένα] ἀπέχουσα, Σαρπηδὼν πόλις ἔρημος, καὶ ποταμός, Σόλοι πόλις Ἑλληνίς, Ζεφύριον πόλις, ποταμὸς Πύραμος καὶ πόλις Μαλλός, εἰς ἣν ὁ ἀνάπλους κατὰ τὸν ποταμόν, ἐμπόριον Ἀδάνη καὶ λιμὴν Μυρίανδος Φοινίκων, Θάψακος ποταμός. Παράπλους Κιλικίας ἀπὸ τῶν Παμφυλίας ὁρίων μέχρι Θαψάκου ποταμοῦ, τριῶν ἡμερῶν καὶ νυκτῶν δύο. Ἐκ δὲ Σινώπης τῆς ἐν τῶι Πόντωι διὰ τῆς ἠπείρου καὶ τῆς Κιλικίας εἰς Σόλους ὁδός ἐστιν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης εἰς θαλάσσαν ἡμερῶν εʹ.

105. Κύπρος
Κατὰ δὲ Κιλικίαν ἐστὶ νῆσος Κύπρος, καὶ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι αἵδε· Σαλαμὶς Ἑλληνίς, λιμένα ἔχουσα κλειστὸν χειμερινόν, Καρπάσεια, Κερύνεια, Λήπηθις Φοινίκων, Σόλοι (καὶ αὕτη λιμένα ἔχει χειμερινόν), Μάριον Ἑλληνίς, Ἀμαθοῦς (αὐτόχθονές εἰσιν)· αὗται πᾶσαι λιμένας ἔχουσαι ἐρήμους. Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλαι πόλεις ἐν μεσογείαι βάρβροι. Ἐπάνειμι δὲ πάλιν ἐπὶ τὴν ἤπειρον, ὅθεν ἐξετραπόμην.

106. Συρία καὶ Φοινίκη
Ἔστι μετὰ Κιλικίαν ἔθνος Σύροι. Ἐν δὲ τῆι Συρίαι οἰκοῦσι τὰ παρὰ θάλατταν Φοίνικες ἔθνος, ἐπὶ στενὸν ἔλαττον ἢ ἐπὶ τετταράκοντα σταδίους ἀπὸ θαλάττης, ἐνιαχῆ δὲ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ σταδίους ιʹ τὸ πλάτος. Ἀπὸ δὲ Θαψάκου ποταμοῦ ἐστὶ Τρίπολις Φοινίκων, Ἄραδος νῆσος καὶ λιμήν, βασίλεια Τύρου, ὅσον ηʹ στάδια ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐν τῆι χερρονήσωι ἑτέρα πόλις Τρίπολις· αἵτη ἐστὶν Ἀράδου καὶ Τύρου καὶ Σιδῶνος· ἐν τῶι αὐτῶι τρεῖς πόλεις καὶ περίβολον ἑκάστηι τοῦ τείχους ἴδιον ἔχει· καὶ ὄρος Θεοῦ πρόσωπον, Τριήρης <πόλις> καὶ λιμήν, Βηρυτὸς πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Βορινός, Πορφυρέων πόλις, Σιδὼν πόλις καὶ λιμὴν κλειστός, Ὀρνίθων πόλις Σιδωνίων (Ἀπὸ Λεόντων πόλεως μέχρι Ὀρνίθων πόλεως <στάδια> *), Τυρίων πόλις Σάραπτα, ἄλλη πόλις Τύρος λιμένα ἔχουσα ἐντὸς τείχους· αὕτη δὲ ἡ νῆσος βασίλεια Τυρίων, καὶ ἀπέχει στάδια ἀπὸ θαλάττης γʹ.

Παλαίτυρος πόλις καὶ ποταμὸς <ὃς> διὰ μέσης ῥεῖ, καὶ πόλις τῶν <Ἐκδίππων> καὶ ποταμὸς καὶ Ἄκη πόλις, ἔξω πἠ πόλις Τυ<ρίων· Κάρμηλος> ὄρος ἱερὸν Διός· Ἄραδος πόλις Σιδονίων (κείμενο σε κακή κατάσταση). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . καὶ ποταμὸς Τυρίων· Δῶρος πόλις Σιδονίων· <Ἰόππη πόλις ἐκτε-> θῆναί φασιν ἐνταῦθα τὴν Ἀνδρομ<έδαν τῶι κήτει· Ἀσκά-> λων πόλις Τυρίων καὶ βασίλεια. Ἐνταῦ<θα ὅρος ἐστὶ τῆς Κοίλης> Συρίας. Παράπλους Κοίλης Συρίας <ἀπὸ Θαψάκου ποταμοῦ μέχρι> Ἀσκάλωνος στάδια ͵βψʹ.

107. Ἀραβία
(κείμενο σε κακή κατάσταση) Μετὰ δὲ Συρίαν εἰσὶν Ἄραβες> ἔθνος, νομάδες ἱππεύοντες <καὶ νομὰς ἔχοντες παντοδαπῶν βοσ-> κημάτων, οἰῶν καὶ αἰ<γῶν>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . καὶ καμήλων· ἔστι δὲ αὕ<τη>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ἔστι τὰ πολλὰ ἄ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . τε τὴν Αἴγυπτον. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ἐν αὐτῆι κολ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ἔστιν ἐκ τῆς. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <ἔξω-> θεν θαλ<αττ>. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <θάλα-> τταν. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . καὶ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Παράπλους. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

. . Ἀ>ραβίας δὲ (αὐ)τῆς ἀπὸ Συρίας ὁρίων μέχρι στόματος τοῦ <Νείλου τοῦ ἐ>ν Πηλουσίωι, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν Ἀραβίας ὅρος, στάδ. ͵ατʹ. <Φασὶ δὲ εἶναι καὶ Ἀ>ραβίαν Αἰγύπτου μέχρι τοῦ Νείλου ἐξ ἧς Ἀρα- <βικοῦ κόλπου. Οἱ δ᾽ ἐνοικοῦντες εἰσὶν Ἀραβ>αἰγύπτιοι· φόρον δὲ φέρουσιν Αἰγύ- <πτου βασιλεῦσι, οἳ καὶ πολεμοῦσιν> ἀεὶ τοῖς Ἄραψιν.

108. Αἴγυπτος
(κείμενο σε κακή κατάσταση) <Μετὰ δὲ Ἀραβίαν Αἴγυπτος> ἐστὶν ἔθνος· καὶ πόλεις ἐν αὐτῆι <αἵδε· Πηλούσιον πόλις καὶ λιμὴν> καὶ βασίλειον· οὗ τὸ στόμα <τοῦ Νείλου ποταμοῦ Πηλουσιακόν ἐστι> πρῶτον, τῆς Ἀραβίας <ὅρος· δεύτερον Τανικόν, ἐφ᾽ ὧι καὶ πόλις βασιλι>κή· τρίτον <Μενδήσιον καὶ πόλις· δ᾽ Φατνιτικ>όν· πέμπτον Σεβεννυ- <τικὸν καὶ πόλις Σεβέννυτος· Βοῦτος λίμνη, ἔν>θα πόλις καὶ βα- <σίλειον· ἕκτον Βολβιτικὸν καὶ πόλις βασιλι>κή· ἕβδομον <Κανωβικόν, καὶ Θῶνις πόλις· μετὰ ταῦτα λίμνη> ἧι ὄνομά <ἐστι Μάρεια, αὕτη δὲ ἡ λίμνη ἤδη ἐστὶν ἐν τ>ῆι Λιβύηι . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ει δὲ ἐ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .β>ουλήν . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ε. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

τὸ δὲ Πηλουσιακόν. Καὶ πάλιν σχίζεται δίχα. Τὸ δὲ Σεβεννυτικόν, τὸ μὲν εἰς τὸ Μενδήσιον, τὸ δὲ εἰς θάλασσαν· ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Μενδήσιου εἰς τὸ Φατνιτικὸν στόμα· ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ εἰς τὸ Τανικὸν στόμα· τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ Κανωπικοῦ μέχρι Σεβεννυτικῆς λίμνης, καὶ στόμα τὸ Βολβιτικὸν ῥεῖ ἐκ τῆς λίμνης. Ἔστι δὲ τὰ πολλὰ τὰ παρὰ θάλατταν Αἰγύπτου λίμναι καὶ ἕλη. Ἔστι δὲ ἡ Αἰγύπτος τοιάδε τὴν ἰδέαν ὁμοίαν πελέκει. Ἔστι γὰρ κατὰ θάλατταν πἁτεῖα, κατὰ δὲ μεσογείαν στενωτέρα, κατὰ δὲ Μέμφιν στενωτάτη αὑτῆς· ἔπειτα δὲ εἰς μεσογείαν ἀπὸ Μέμφεως ἰόντι πλατυτέρα, κατὰ δὲ τὸ ἀνώτερον αὑτῆς πλατυτάτη. Τὸ μέρος τὸ ἄνωθεν Μέμφιδος Αἰγύπτου ἐστὶ τὸ πλεῖστον ἢ τὸ παρὰ θάλατταν. Τὸ δὲ Κανωπικὸν στόμα ὁρίζει Ἀσίαν καὶ Λιβύην. Παράπλους δ᾽ ἐστὶν Αἰγύπτου ἀπὸ Πηλουσίου στόματος στάδια ͵ατʹ. Τῆς δὲ Ἀσίας ὁ περίπλους (ἔστι γὰρ περιφερής), λογιζομένωι κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ὃν περὶ Εὐρώπης γέγραπται, ἡμερῶν ἐστὶ πζʹ. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι στόματι τῶι Κανωπικῶι ἐστι νῆσος ἐρήμη, ἧι ὄνομα Κάνωπος· καὶ σημεῖά ἐστιν ἐν αὐτῆι τοῦ Μενέλεω, τοῦ κυβερνήτου τοῦ ἀπὸ Τροίας, ὧι ὄνομα Κάνωπος, τὸ μνῆμα. Λέγουσι δὲ Αἰγύπτιοί τε καὶ οἱ προσχώριοι οἱ τοῖς τόποις Πηλούσιον ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὸ Κάσιον, καὶ Κάνωπον ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὴν νῆσον, οὗ τὸ μνῆμα τοῦ κυβερνήτου.

ΛΙΒΥΗ
Ἄρχεται ἡ Λιβύη ἀπὸ τοῦ Κανωπικοῦ στόματος τοῦ Νείλου.

109. Ἀδυρμαχίδαι
<Πρῶτον> ἔθνος Λιβύων Ἀδυρμαχίδαι. Ἐκ Θώνιδος δὲ πλοῦς εἰς Φάρον νῆσον ἔρημον [εὐλίμενος δὲ καὶ ἄνυδρος] στάδια ρνʹ. Ἐν δὲ Φάρωι λιμένες πολλοί. Ὕδωρ δὲ ἐκ τῆς Μαρείας λίμνης ὑδρεύονται· ἔστι γὰρ πότιμος. Ὁ δὲ ἀνάπλους εἰς τὴν λίμνην βραχὺς ἐκ Φάρου. Ἔστι δὲ καὶ Χερρόνησος καὶ λιμήν· ἔστι δὲ τοῦ παράπλου στάδια σʹ. Ἀπὸ Χερρονήσου δὲ Πλίνθινός ἐστι κόλπος. Τὸ δὲ στόμα ἐστὶ τοῦ Πλινθίνου κόλπου εἰς Λευκὴν ἀκτὴν πλοῦς ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός· τὸ δὲ εἰς τὸν μυχὸν τοῦ Πλινθίνου κόλπου δὶς τοσοῦτον. Περιοικεῖται δὲ κύκλωι. Ἀπὸ δὲ Λευκῆς ἀκτῆς εἰς Λαοδαμάντειον λιμένα πλοῦς ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἀπὸ δὲ Λαοδαμαντείου λιμένος εἰς Παραιτόνιον λιμένα πλοῦς ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἔχεται Ἆπις πόλις. Μέχρις οὖν ἐνταῦθα Αἰγύπτιοι ἄρχουσιν.

110. Μαρμαρίδαι
Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἄπιδος ἔθνος Λιβύων ἐστὶν οἱ Μαρμαρίδαι μέχρις εἰς Ἑσπερίδας. Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἄπιδος ἐπὶ Τυνδαρίους σκοπέλους πλοῦς ἡμέρας. Καὶ ἀπὸ Τυνδαρίων σκοπέλων εἰς Πλύνους λιμένα πλοῦς ἡμέρας. Ἐκ Πλύνων εἰς Πέτραντα τὸν μέγαν πλοῦς ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἐκ Πέτραντος εἰς Μενέλαον πλοῦς ἡμέρας. Ἐκ Μενελάου εἰς Κυρθάνειον ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἀπὸ Κυρθανείου Ἀντίπυγος λιμήν· πλοῦς ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀντιπύγου Πέτρας ὁ μικρός, λιμήν· πλοῦς ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἀπὸ Πέτραντος <τοῦ> μικροῦ Χερρόνησοι Ἀχιλίδες, λιμήν (ταῦτα τῆς Κυρηναίων χώρας ἐστί)· πλοῦς ἡμέρας. Ἐν δὲ τῶι μέσωι Πέτραντος καὶ Χερρονήσου εἰσὶ νῆσοι Ἀηδωνία καὶ Πλατείαι. Ὕφορμοι δὲ ὑπ᾽ αὐταῖς εἰσίν. Ἐντεῦθεν ἄρχεται τὸ σίλφιον φύεσθαι <ἐν> γύ<αι>ς· παρήκει δὲ ἀπὸ Χερρονήσου διὰ τῆς μεσογείας μέχρι Ἑσπερίδων, παρὰ γῆς ἐγγὺς στάδια ͵αφʹ μάλιστα. Ἀφροδισίας νῆσος ὕφορμος· Ναύσταθμος λιμήν. Πλοῦς ἀπὸ Χερρονήσου ἡμέρας μίας, ἀπὸ δὲ Ναυστάθμου εἰς λιμένα τὸν Κυρήνης στάδια ρʹ. Ἐκ δὲ τοῦ λιμένος εἰς Κυρήνην στάδια ὀγδοήκοντα. Ἔστι δὲ Κυρήνη ἐν μεσογείαι. Εἰσὶ δὲ οὗτοι λιμένες πάνορμοι. Καὶ ἄλλαι δὲ καταφυγαὶ ὑπὸ νησιδίοις καὶ ὕφορμοι καὶ ἀκταὶ πολλαὶ ἐν τῆι μεταξὺ χώραι. Ἐκ δὲ λιμένος τῆς Κυρήνης μέχρι λιμένος τοῦ κατὰ Βάρκην στάδια φʹ· ἡ δὲ πόλις ἡ δὲ Βαρκαίων ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἀπέχει στάδια ρʹ. Ἐκ δὲ λιμένος τοῦ κατὰ Βάρκην ἐφ᾽ Ἑσπερίδας στάδια χκʹ. Ἐκ δὲ Κυρήνης εἰσὶ λιμένες, καὶ χωρία ἐστὶν ἐσχισμένα μέχρι Ἑσπερίδων τάδε· Φυκοῦς κόλπος· ἄνω δὲ ἐνταῦθά ἐστιν ὁ κῆπος τῶν Ἑσπερίδων. Ἔστι δὲ τόπος βαθὺς ὀργυιῶν ιηʹ, ἀπότομος κύκλωι, οὐδαμοῦ ἔχων κατάβασιν· ἔστι δὲ δύο σταδίων πανταχῆ, οὐκ ἔλλατον, εὖρος καὶ μῆκος. Οὗτός ἐστι σύσκιος δένδρεσιν ἐμπεπλεγμένοις ἐν ἀλλήλοις, ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα πυγνοτάτοις. Τὰ δένδρα ἐστὶ λωτός, μηλέαι παντοδαπαί, ῥοαί, ἄπιοι, μιμαίκυλα, συκάμινα, ἄμπελοι, μυρσίναι, δάφναι, κισσός, ἐλαίαι, κότινοι, ἀμυγδαλαί, καρύαι. Τῶν δὲ χωρίων ἃ οὐκ εἴρηται, ἐστὶ (δὲ) κατὰ τὸν κῆπον Ἄμπελος, Ἄπιος, ἀλλάσσει στάδια λʹ, Χερρόνησος κῆποι πλεῖστοι, Ζηνερτίς, Ταύχειρα, Καυκαλοῦ κώμη, Ἑσπερίδες πόλις καὶ λιμήν, καὶ ποταμὸς ἐπὶ τῆι πόλει Ἐκκειός. Κατὰ ταῦτα τὰ χωρία ἀπὸ Χερρονήσων τῶν Ἀντίδων τὰ μὲν Κυρηναίων, τὰ δὲ Βαρκαίων ἐστὶ μέχρι Ἑσπερίδων.

111. Νασαμῶνες καὶ Μάκαι
Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑσπερίδων κόλπος ἐστὶ μέγας, ὧι ὄνομα Σύρτις, ὡς δὲ εἰπεῖν ὅτι μάλιστα εἰκάζοντι σταδίων ͵ε. Ἔστιν αὐτῆι τὸ πλάτος ἀπὸ Ἑσπερίδων εἰς Νέαν πόλιν τὴν πέραν πλοῦς ἡμερῶν τριῶν καὶ νυκτῶν τριῶν. Περιοικοῦσι δὲ αὐτὴν Λιβύων ἔθνος Νασαμῶνες μέχρι τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ ἐπ᾽ ἀριστερᾶι· τούτων δὲ ἔχονται Λιβύων ἔθνος παρὰ τὴν Σύρτιν μέχρι τοῦ στόματος τῆς Σύρτιδος Μάκαι. Εἰς δὲ τὴν Σύρτιν ἀπὸ Ἑσπερίδων εἰσπλέοντι Ἡράκλειοι θῖνες· ἔχονται δὲ τούτων Δρέπανον, νῆσοι Πόντιαι τρεῖς, εἶτα τούτων Λευκαὶ <ἃ> καλοῦνται. Ἐν δὲ τῶι κοιλατάτωι τῆς Σύρτιδος (ἐν τῶι μυχῶι) Φιλαίνου βωμοί, ἐπῖνειον, Ἄμμωνος [ἁλοῦς] ἄλσος τῆς Σύρτιδος. Ἀπὸ τούτου τὴν Σύρτιν παροικοῦντες οἱ Μάκαι χειμαζοῦσιν ἐπὶ θαλάττῆι τὰ βοσκήματα κλείοντες, τοῦ δὲ θέρους, ὑπεκλειπόντων τῶν ὑδάτων, ἀπελάνουσι τὰ βοσκήματα εἰς μεσογείαν ἄνω μεθ᾽ ἑαυτῶν. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν Σύρτιν [ἔξω τῆς Σύρτιδος] ἐστὶ χωρίον καλὸν καὶ πόλις, ἧι ὄνομα Κίνυψ· ἔστι δὲ ἔρημος. Ἀπὸ δὲ Νέας πόλεως ἀπέχει εἰς τὴν Σύρτιν στάδια πʹ (πάντη)· ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν δ᾽ ἐστὶ ποταμὸς Κίνυψ, καὶ νῆσος ὔπεστι πρὸς τὸν ποταμόν. Τὸ δὲ βάθος τῆς Σύρτιδος ἔσω τῶν Ἑσπερίδων πρὸς τοὺς Φιλαίνου βωμοὺς εἰς τὸν μύχον τοῦ κόλπου πλοῦς ἡμερῶν γʹ καὶ νυκτῶν· πλάτος δὲ ἀπὸ Κίνυφος ποταμοῦ πρὸς τὰς Λευκὰς νήσους πλοῦς ἡμερῶν τεσσάρων καὶ νυκτῶν τεσσάρων.

112. Λωτοφάγοι
Τὰ δὲ ἔξω τῆς Σύρτιδος παροικοῦσι Λιβύες Λωτοφάγοι ἔθνος μέχρι τοῦ στόματο τῆς ἑτέρας Σύρτιδος. Οὗτοι λωτῶι χρῶνται σίτωι καὶ ποτῶι. Ἀπὸ δὲ Νέας πόλεως τῆς Καρχηδονίων χώρας Γ[ρ]άφαρα πόλις. Ταύτης παράπλους ἡμέρας μιᾶς ἀπὸ Νέας πόλεως. Ἀπὸ δὲ Γ[ρ]αφάρων Ἀβρότονον πόλις καὶ λιμήν. Ταύτης ὁ παράπλους ἡμέρας μιᾶς. Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἀβροτόνου Ταριχεῖαι, πόλις καὶ λιμήν. Παράπλους ἀπὸ Ἀβροτόνου ἡμέρας μιᾶς. Κατὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἐστὶ νῆσος, ἧι ὄνομα Βραχείων, μετὰ Λωτοφάγους κατὰ Ταριχείας. Ἔστι δὲ ἡ νῆσος αὕτη σταδίων τʹ, πλάτος δὲ μικρῶι ἐλάττων. Ἀπέχει δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἠπείρου ὡσεὶ στάδια γʹ. Ἐν δὲ τῆι νήσωι γίνεται λωτός, ὃν ἐσθίουσι, καὶ ἕτερος, ἐξ οὗ οἶνον ποιοῦσιν. Ὁ δὲ τοῦ λωτοῦ καρπός ἐστι τῶι μεγέθει ὅσον μιμαίκυλον. Ποιοῦσι δὲ καὶ ἔλαιον πολὺ ἐκ κοτίνων. Φέρει δὲ καρπὸν ἡ νῆσος πολύν, πυροὺς καὶ κριθάς. Ἔστι δὲ ἡ νῆσος εὔγειος. Πλοῦς ἀπὸ Ταριχειῶν εἰς τὴν νῆσον ἡμέρας μιᾶς. Μετὰ δὲ τὴν νῆσόν ἐστι [Ἔπιχος] Γιχθὶς πόλις. Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς νήσου εἰς [Ἔπιχον] Γιχθὶν πλοῦς ἡμέρας ἡμισείας. Ἀπὸ δὲ [Ἐσχιοδων] Γιχθέως <εἰς Μακομάδα ἢ Νεάπολιν> πλοῦς ἡμέρας· καὶ νῆσος ἔπεστιν ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆι ἐρήμη. Μετὰ δὲ ταύτην Κερκινῖτις νῆσος καὶ πόλις, καὶ κατὰ ταύτην Θάψος. Παράπλους ἀπὸ ταύτης εἰς Θάψον ἡμέρας καὶ ἡμίσεως. Ἀπὸ δὲ Θάψου <εἰς Λέπτιν τὴν μικρὰν πλοῦς, ἀπὸ δὲ Λέπτεως τῆς μικρὰς εἰς Ἀδρύμετα πλοῦς,> καὶ Ἀδρύμετός ἐστι κόλπος μέγας εἴσω, ἐν ὧι ἡ Σύρτις ἐστὶ ἡ μικρά, Κερκινῖτις καλουμένη, πολὺ τῆς ἄλλης Συρτίδος χαλεπωτέρα καὶ δυσπλοωτέρα, ἧς τὸ περίμετρον στάδια ͵β. Ἐν ταύτηι τῆι Σύρτιδι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ νῆσος <καὶ λίμνη> Τριτωνὶς καλουμένη καὶ ποταμὸς Τρίτων, καὶ αὐτόθεν ἐστὶν Ἀθηνᾶς Τριτωνίδος ἱερόν. Στόμα δὲ ἔχει λίμνη μικρόν, καὶ ἐν τῶι στόματι νῆσος ἔπεστι· καὶ ὅταν ἀνάπωτις ἦι, ἐνίοτε ἡ λίμνη οὐκ ἔχειν εἴσπλουν ἐστὶ φαίνουσα. Ἡ δὲ λίμνη αὕτη ἐστὶ μεγάλη, τὸ περίμετρον ἔχουσα ὡς σταδίων χιλίων. Περιοικοῦσι δὲ αὐτὴν Λιβύες [πάντες] <Γύζαντες> ἔθνος, καὶ πόλις τὰ ἐπέκεινα πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμάς· οὗτοι γὰρ [ἅπαντες] <Γύζαντες> Λιβύες λέγονται ξανθοί, [ἄπαστοι] <ἅπαντες> καὶ κάλλιστοι. Καὶ ἡ χώρα αὕτη ἀρίστη καὶ παμφορωτάτη, καὶ βοσκήματα παρ᾽ αὐτοῖς ἐστὶ καὶ μέγιστα καὶ πλεῖστα· καὶ αὐτοὶ πλουσιώτατοι (καὶ κάλλιστοι). Μετὰ δὲ τὴν Σύρτιν ταύτην Νεάπολίς ἐστι. Παράπλους δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀδρύμητος ἐπὶ Νέαν πόλιν ἡμέρας ἐστί. Μετὰ δὲ Νέαν πόλιν Ἑρμαία ἄκρα καὶ πόλις. Παράπλους ἀπὸ Νέας πόλεως εἰς Ἑρμαίαν ἡμέρας καὶ ἡμίσεως. Ἀπὸ δὲ Νέας πόλεώς ἐστιν εἰς ἰσθμὸν στάδια ρπʹ πεζῆι πρὸς τὴν ἑτέραν θάλασσαν τὴν πρὸς Καρχηδόνα. Ἔστι δὲ ἀκτή, δι᾽ ἧς ἰσθμός ἐστι. Παράπλους ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἐντεῦθεν εἰς Καρχηδόνα ἥμισυ ἡμέρας. Ἡ δὲ Καρχηδονίων χώρα ἐστὶν ἐν κόλπωι.

113. Καρχηδών
Μετὰ δὲ τὸν ἰσθμὸν Καρχηδών ἐστι, πόλις Φοινίκων καὶ λιμήν. Παράπλους ἀπὸ Ἑρμαίας ἥμισυ ἡμέρας εἰς Καρχηδόνα. Ἔπεισι δὲ νησία ἐν τῆι Ἑρμαίαι ἄκραι, Ποντία νῆσος καὶ Κόσυρος. Πλοῦς δὲ ἀπὸ Ἑρμαίας ἐπὶ Κόσυρον ἡμέρας. Ἀπὸ Ἑρμαίας ἄκρας πρὸς ἥλιον ἀνίσχοντα [μικρὸν ἀπὸ Ἑρμαίας] εἰσὶ νῆσοι τρεῖς μικραὶ κατὰ τοῦτο, ὑπὸ Καρχηδονίων οἰκούμεναι· Μελίτη πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Γαῦλος πόλις, Λαμπάς· αὕτη πύργους ἔχει δύο ἢ τρεῖς. Ἀπὸ δὲ Κοσύρου ἐπὶ Λιλύβαιον ἀκρωτήριον Σικελίας πλοῦς ἡμέρας μιᾶς. Μετὰ Καρχηδόνα Ἰτύκη πόλις καὶ λιμήν. Παράπλους δὲ ἀπὸ Καρχηδόνος εἰς Ἰτύκην μιᾶς ἡμέρας. Ἀπὸ Ἰτύκης Ἵππου Ἄκρα <ἢ> Ἱππὼν πόλις, καὶ λίμνη ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆι ἐστί, καὶ νῆσοι ἐν τῆι λίμνηι, καὶ περὶ τὴν λίμνην πόλεις (ἐν ταῖς νήσοις) αἵδε· Ψέγας πόλις, καὶ ἀπαντίον αὐτῆς νῆσοι Ναξικαὶ πολλαί· Πιθηκοῦσαι καὶ λιμήν· κατ᾽ ἐναντίον αὐτῶν καὶ νῆσος καὶ πόλις ἐν τῆι νήσωι Εὔβοια· Θάψα καὶ πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Καύκασις πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Σίδα πόλις, Ἰ<ω>λίου ἄκρα, πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Ἕβδομος πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Ἀξίον νῆσος, πόλις καὶ λιμὴν ἔπεστι, Ψαμαθὸς νῆσος, πόλις καὶ λιμήν· καὶ κόλπος. Ἐν δὲ τῶι κόλπωι Βαρτὰς νῆσος καὶ λιμήν, Χάλκας πόλις ἐν τῶι ποταμῶι, Ἀρύλων πόλις, Μὴς πόλις καὶ λιμήν, Σίγη πόλις ἐν τῶι ποταμῶι, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ νῆσος Ἄκρα, πόλις μεγάλη <καὶ> λιμήν, Ἄκρος ἡ πόλις καὶ ὁ κόλπος ἐν αὐτῆι, ἔρημος νῆσος Δρίναυπα ὄνομα, Ἡράκλειος στήλη <ἡ> ἐν Λιβύηι, ἄκρα Ἀβιλυκὴ <καὶ> πόλις ἐν ποταμῶι καὶ ἀντίον αὐτῆς τὰ Γάδειρα νῆσοι. Ἀπὸ Καρχηδόνος ταύτηι ἐστὶν ἐφ᾽ Ἡρακλείους στήλας τοῦ καλλίστου πλοῦ παράπλους ἡμερῶν ἑπτὰ καὶ νυκτῶν ἑπτά.

114. Γάδειρα
Εἰσὶ νῆσοι αὗται πρὸς τῆι Εὐρώπηι· τούτων ἡ ἑτέρα πόλιν ἔχει· καὶ Ἡράκλειοι στῆλαι κατὰ ταύτας, ἡ μὲν ἐν τῆι Λιβύηι ταπεινή, ἡ δὲ ἐν τῆι Εὐρώπηι ὑψηλή. Αὗται δέ εἰσιν ἄκραι καταντικρὺ ἀλλήλων· διέχουσι δὲ αὗται ἀπ᾿ ἀλλήλων πλοῦν ἡμέρας. Παράπλους Λιβύης ἀπ᾿ Αἰγύτου τοῦ Κανωπικοῦ στόματος μέχρι Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν, τιθεμένου τοῦ λογισμοῦ κατὰ ταὐτά, ἅπερ ἐν Ἀσίαι καὶ Εὐρώπηι γέγραπται, κατὰ τοὺς κόλπους κύκλωι περιπλέοντι ἡμερῶν οδʹ. Ὅσα γέγραπται πολίσματα ἢ ἐμπόρια ἐν τῆι Λιβύηι, ἀπὸ τῆς Σύρτιδος τῆς παρ᾿ Ἑσπερίδας μέχρι Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν ἐν Λιβύηι, πάντα ἐστὶ Καρχηδονίων.

115. Αἰθίοπες ἑσπέριοι
Μετὰ δὲ Ἡρακλείους στήλας εἰς τὸ ἔξω πλέοντι, ἔχοντι τὴν Λιβύην ἐν ἀριστερᾶι, κόλπος ἐστὶ μέγας μέχρι Ἑρμαίας ἄκρας. Ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ἐνταῦθα Ἑρμαία ἄκρα. Κατὰ δὲ μέσον τὸν κόλπον κεῖται Ποντίον τόπος καὶ πόλις. Περὶ δὲ τὴν πόλιν λίμνη κεῖται μεγάλη, ἐν δὲ τῆι λίμνη ταύτηι κεῖνται νῆσοι πολλαί. Περὶ δὲ τὴν λίμνην πέφυκε κάλαμος καὶ κύπειρος καὶ φλέως καὶ θρυόν. Αἱ δὲ ὄρνιθες αἱ Μελεαγρίδες ἐνταῦθά εἰσιν, ἄλλου δὲ οὐδαμοῦ, ἂν μὴ ἐντεῦθεν ἐξαχθῶσιν. Τῆι δὲ λίμνη ταύτηι ὄνομα Κηφησίας, τῶι δὲ κόλπωι Κῶτης. Ἔστι δὲ Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν καὶ Ἑρμαίας ἄκρας ἐν τῆι μεταξύ. Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Ἑρμαίας ἄκρας ἕρματα τέταται μεγάλα, ἀπὸ δὴ τῆς Λιβύης ἐπὶ τὴν Εὐρώπην, οὐχ ὑπερέχοντα τῆς θαλάττης· ἐπικλύζει δὲ ἐπ᾿ αὐτὰ ἐνιαχῆ. Τέταται δὲ τὸ ἕρμα ἐπὶ ἑτέραν ἄκραν τῆς Εὐρώπης τὸ καταντικρύ· τῆι δὲ ἄκραι ταύτηι ὄνομα Ἱερὸν ἀκρωτήριον. Ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Ἑρμαίας ἄκρας ποταμός ἐστιν Ἀνίδες· ἐξίησι δὲ οὗτος εἰς λίμνην μεγάλην. Μετὰ δὲ Ἀνίδεν (εἶτά) ἐστιν ἄλλος ποταμὸς μέγας Λίξος καὶ πόλις Φοινίκων Λίξος, καὶ ἑτέρα πόλις Λιβύων ἐστὶ πέραν τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ λιμήν. Μετὰ δὲ Λίξον Κράβις ποταμὸς καὶ λιμὴν καὶ πόλις Φοινίκων Θυμιατηρία ὄνομα. Ἀπὸ Θυμιατηρίας <πλοῦς> εἰς Σολόεντα ἄκραν, ἣ ἀνέχει μάλιστα εἰς τὸν πόντον. Τῆς δὲ Λιβύης πᾶσα αὕτη ἡ χώρα ὀνομαστοτάτη καὶ ἱερωτάτη. Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶι ἀκρωτηρίωι τῆς ἄκρας ἔπεστι βωμὸς μέγας, ποινής *, Ποσειδῶνος. Ἐν δὲ τῶι βωμῶι εἰσὶ γεγραμμένοι ἀνδριάντες, λέοντες, δελφῖνες· Δαίδαλον δέ φασι ποιῆσαι. Ἀπὸ δὲ Σολόεντος ἄκρας ποταμός ἐστιν, ὧι ὄνομα [Ξιῶν] <Λίξος>. Περὶ τοῦτον τὸν ποταμὸν περιοικοῦσι Αἰθίοπες [ἱεροί] <ἑσπέριοι>. Κατὰ δὲ ταῦτα νῆσός ἐστιν, ὧι ὄνομα Κέρνη. Παράπλους δὲ ἀπὸ Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν ἐπὶ Ἑρμαῖαν ἄκραν ἡμερῶν δύο. Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑρμαίας ἄκρας εἰς Σολόεντα ἄκραν παράπλους ἡμερῶν τριῶν. Ἀπὸ δὲ Σολόεντος εἰς Κέρνην παράπλους ἡμερῶν ἑπτά. Σύμπας δὲ ὁ παράπλους οὗτός ἐστι ἀπὸ Ἡρακλείων στηλῶν εἰς Κέρνην νῆσος ἡμερῶν δώδεκα. Τῆς Κέρνης δὲ νήσου τὰ ἐπέκεινα οὐκέτι ἐστὶ πλωτὰ διὰ βραχύτητα θαλάττης καὶ πηλὸν καὶ φῦκος. Ἔστι δὲ τὸ φῦκος τῆς δοχμῆς τὸ πλάτος καὶ ἄνωθεν ὀξύ, ὥστε κεντεῖν. Οἱ δὲ ἐμποροί εἰσι μὲν Φοίνικες· ἐπᾶν δὲ ἀφίκωνται εἰς τὴν νῆσον τὴν Κέρνην, τοὺς μὲν γαύλους καθορμίζουσιν, ἐν τῆι Κέρνηι σκηνὰς ποιησάμενοι αὑτοῖς· τὸν δὲ φόρτον ἐξελόμενοι αὐτοὶ διακομίζουσιν ἐν μικροῖς πλοίοις εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον. Εἰσὶ δὲ Αἰθίοπες πρὸς τὴν ἤπειρον. Εἰσὶ δὲ οὗτοι οἱ Αἰθίοπες, πρὸς οὓς διατίθενται. Πωλοῦσι δὲ πρὸς δέρματα ἐλάφων καὶ λεόντων καὶ παρδάλεων καὶ δέρματα ἐλεφάντων καὶ ὀδόντας, καὶ τῶν ἡμέρων βοσκημάτων. Οἱ Αἰθίοπες χρῶνται κόσμωι στίκτοις <δοραῖς>, καὶ ἐκπώμασι τοῦ ἐλέφαντος φιάλαις· καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν χρῶνται κόσμωι ψελίοις τοῦ ἐλέφαντος· χρῶνταιδὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἵππους ἐλεφαντίνωι κόσμωι. Εἰσὶ δὲ οὗτοι οἱ Αἰθίοπες μέγιστοι ἀνδρώπων πάντων ὧν ἡμεῖς ἴσμεν, μείζους ἢ τετραπήχεις· εἰσὶ δέ τινες αὐτῶν καὶ πενταπήχεις· καὶ πωγωνοφόροι εἰσὶ καὶ κομῆται, καὶ κάλλιστοι πάντων ἀνδρώπων οὗτοί εἰσι. Καὶ βασιλεύει αὐτῶν οὗτος, ὃς ἂν ἦι μέγιστος. Εἰσὶ καὶ ἱππηλάται καὶ ἀκοντισταὶ καὶ τοξόται, καὶ χρῶνται τοῖς βέλεσι πεπυρακτωμένοις. Οἱ δὲ Φοίνικες ἔμποροι εἰσάγουσιν αὐτοῖς μύρον, λίθον Αἰγυπτίαν, ἄπρους ἐξαράκτους, κέραμον Ἀττικὸν καὶ χοῦς· τὰ γὰρ πλάσματά ἐστιν ὤνια ἐν τοῖς Χουσὶ τῆι ἑορτῆι. Εἰσὶ δὲ οἱ Αἰθίοπες οὗτοι κρεοφάγοι, γαλακτοπόται, οἶνον δὲ ποιοῦσι πολὺν ἀπὸ ἀμπέλων· τὸν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν οἱ Φοίνικες ἄγουσιν. Ἔστι δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ πόλις μεγάλη, πρὸς ἣν οἱ Φοίνικες εἰσπλέουσιν οἱ ἔμποροι. Λέγουσι δέ τινες τούτους τοὺς Αἰθίοπας παρήκειν συνεχῶς οἰκοῦντας ἐντεῦθεν εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ εἶναι ταύτην <τὴν> θάλατταν συνεχῆ, ἀκτὴν δὲ εἶναι τὴν Λιβύην.

Διάφραγμα
διὰ τῆς θαλάττης <ἀπὸ> τῆς Εὐρώπης εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐπιεικῶς εὐθὺ κατ᾽ ὀρθόν.

Ἄρχεται δὲ τὸ διάφραγμα ἀπὸ Εὐρίπου τοῦ κατὰ Χαλκίδα καὶ ἔστιν ἐπὶ Γεραιστὸν στάδια <ψʹ καὶ νʹ>. Ἀπὸ Γεραιστοῦ ἐπὶ Παιώνιον τῆς Ἄνδρου στάδια πʹ. Ἀπὸ <Παιωνίου> τῆς Ἄνδρου ἐπὶ τὸν Αὐλῶνα στάδια σπʹ. Τοῦ Αὐλῶνος διάπλους εἰς Τῆνον στάδια ιβʹ. Αὐτῆς δὲ τῆς νήσου ἐπὶ τὸ ἀκρωτήριον τὸ κατὰ Ῥηναίαν στάδια ρνʹ. Τοῦ δὲ διάπλου εἰς Ῥηναίαν στάδια μʹ. Αὐτῆς δὲ Ῥηναίας καὶ τοῦ διάπλου εἰς Μύκονον στάδια μʹ. Ἀπὸ δὲ Μυκόνου διάπλους ἐπὶ τοὺς Μελαντίους σκοπέλους προαριστιδίου μικρῶι ἐλάττων, σταδίων <ρ>μʹ. Ἀπὸ δὲ Μελαντίων σκοπέλων πλοῦς εἰς Ἴκαρον προαριστιδίος. Αὐτῆς δὲ τῆς Ἰκάρου στάδια τʹ ἐπὶ μῆκος. Ἀπὸ δὲ Ἰκάρου πλοῦς εἰς Σάμον προαριστιδίος. Αὐτῆς δὲ Σάμου στάδια σʹ. Ἐκ Σάμου εἰς Μυκάλην τοῦ διάπλου στάδια ζʹ (ιζʹ?). Τὸ πᾶν, ἐὰν ἐκ Σάμου πλέωσι πρὸ ἀρίστου, στάδια ͵βτοʹ, μὴ προσλογιζομένου τοῦ πλοῦ <τοῦ ἐκ Μυκάλης εἰς Σάμον>. Ἕτερον διάφραγμα ὀρθόν κατ᾽ εὐθὺ. <Ἀπὸ Μαλέας> ἕως Κυθήρων στάδια λʹ (ρλʹ?). Αὐτῶν δὲ Κυθήρων μῆκος στάδια ρʹ (σʹ?). Εἰς Αἰγιλίαν πλοῦς προαριστιδίος. <Αὐτῆς Αἰγιλίας μῆκος στάδια νʹ. Ἀπ᾽ Αἰγιλίας εἰς Κρήτην, πλοῦς προαριστιδίος.> Κρήτης αὐτῆς μῆκος στάδια βφʹ (͵αφʹ?). Ἀπὸ Κρήτης εἰς Καρπάθον στάδια ρʹ (φʹ?). Αὐτῆς Καρπάθου μῆκος στάδια ρʹ (τʹ?). Εἰς Ῥόδον ἀπὸ Καρπάθου πλοῦς στάδια ρʹ (τʹ?). Αὐτῆς Ῥόδου μῆκος στάδια χʹ. Ἀπὸ Ῥόδου εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν στάδια ρʹ. Ἔστι δὲ τοῦ διάπλου τὸ διάφραγμα στάδια ͵δσοʹ. -->

Sizes of islands
Biggest: Sardinia.

Second: Sicily

Third: Crete

Fourth: Cyprus

Fifth: Euboia

Sixth: Kyrnos

Seventh: Lesbos

Eighth: Rhodes

Ninth: Chios

Tenth: Samos

Eleventh: Korkyra

Twelfth: Kasos

Thirteenth: Kephallenia

Fourteenth: Naxos

Fifteenth: Kos

Sixteenth: Zakynthos

Seventeenth: Lemnos

Eighteenth: Aigina

Nineteenth: Imbros

Twentieth: Thasos