The New International Encyclopædia/Vollmar, Georg Heinrich von

VOLLMAR, fṓl'mär, (1850&mdash;). One of the leaders of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, born at Munich. He entered the Bavarian army at an early age and served as lieutenant in the war with Prussia in 1866. He then enlisted in the Papal army, and after a short service entered the Bavarian railway service, which he left to take part in the Franco-German War, in which he served as an oflicer until badly wounded at Blois. Having become interested in social studies, he was led to embrace Socialism, and between the years 1878 and 1886 was imprisoned several times as a result of his activity in propagating socialistic ideas, organizing secret societies, etc. Vollmar became prominent in the German Reichstag, to which he was repeatedly elected after 1881, except during the period 1887-90; in the

of Saxony (1883-89); and particularly in the Legislature of Bavaria, of which he became a member in 1893. He became one of the leaders of the Conservative wing of the Social Democrats. He showed himself ready to make concessions to the principle of private ownership in the case of the small landowners, or peasants. His publications include: Der isolierte socialistische Staat (1880); Ueber die nächsten Aufgaben der Socialdemokratie (1891); and Ueber Staatssocialismus (1892).