The New International Encyclopædia/Pflugk-Harttung, Julius von

PFLUGK-HARTTUNG, pflōōG' här'tụ ng, (1848&mdash;). A German historian, best known as an authority on Papal and mediæval history. He was born at Warnikow, studied at Bonn, Berlin, and Göttingen, and in 1886 became professor of history at Basel. Thence he went to Berlin, where in 1893 he became head of the Secret State Archives. He wrote Studien zur Geschichte Konrads II. (1876-77); Norwegen und die deutschen Seestädte (1887); Acta Pontificorum Romanorum Inedita, 748-1198 (1879-88); Iter Italicum (1883); in Grote's Allgemeine Weltgeschichte the part on the early Middle Ages (1889); Krieg und Sieg, 1870-71, the first of his studies of modern history (1895); Napoleon I., Republik und Kaisertum (1900); and Die Bullen ''der Päpste bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (1901).