The New International Encyclopædia/Krupp, Alfred

KRUPP, krụp, (1812-87). Inventor, metallurgist, and manufacturer. He was the son and successor of Friedrich Krupp, the founder of the steel-works at Essen, and was born at Essen, Prussia. His brother Hermann was associated with him until 1848, when Alfred assumed entire control, and by persistent study and great diligence continued his father's efforts to improve the manufacture of steel. His exhibit at London in 1851 first drew the attention of the world to him, and in 1852 the successful invention of a method of manufacturing weldless railway tires enabled him to enlarge his establishment. His breech-loading rifle and cannon were adopted by the Prussian Army in 1861, and the war of 1870-71 established its superiority. His factory soon became known for the heavy ordnance and armor plate which were constructed there not only for Germany, but other European nations except France, for whom the Krupps have never manufactured munitions of war. He died July 14, 1887. Consult Bädeker, Alfred Krupp (Essen, 1888). See the articles and .