The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Rolland, Romaine

ROLLAND, rōl'lạṅ, Romaine, French author: b. Clamecy, 29 Jan. 1866. He studied at the Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris, and in 1889-91 was a member of the Ecole Française

de Rome. He was for a time professor of the history of art at the Ecole Normale Superieure, and was later called to the chair of history and music at the Sorbonne. He was awarded one-fourth of the Nobel Prise for literature in 1915 for the completion of his &lsquo;Jean Christophe,&rsquo; a species of rambling novel, written in 10 volumes and carrying much philosophic discussion of life, the sub-titles being &lsquo;L'Aube&rsquo;; &lsquo;Le Matin &rsquo;; &lsquo;L'Adolescent&rsquo;; &lsquo;La Revolte&rsquo;; &lsquo;La Toire sur la place&rsquo;; &lsquo;Antoinette&rsquo;; &lsquo;Dans la Maison&rsquo;; &lsquo;Les amies&rsquo;; &lsquo;Le Buisson Ardente&rsquo;; and &lsquo;Le Nouvelle Journee.&rsquo; It was translated into English by Cannan, G. (1911-13). His other works include &lsquo;Les origines du théatre lyrique moderne&rsquo;; &lsquo;Les Loups,&rsquo; drama; &lsquo;Le Temps,&rsquo; drama; &lsquo;Vie de Michel Auge&rsquo;; &lsquo;Vie de Beethoven&rsquo;; &lsquo;Haendel&rsquo;; &lsquo;Vie de Tolstoi&rsquo;, etc. Consult Stephens, W., &lsquo;French Novelists of To-day, Second Series&rsquo; (1915).