St. Louis Company v. Spiller (275 U.S. 156)/Opinion of the Court

This is a motion by Spiller to amend the judgment of this Court and retax costs in St. Louis & San Francisco R. R. v. Spiller, 274 U.S. 304, 47 S.C.t. 635, 71 L. Ed. 1060, which was decided on May 16, 1927. The October term, 1926, closed on June 6. Under rule 31, the issue of the mandate was necessarily deferred until after the close of the term, as no order shortening the time for issue had been made. It was filed in the office of the clerk of the Circuit Court of Appeals on August 4, 1927. This motion, filed August 22, 1927, was submitted on the first day of this term.

The mandate directed that the petitioners recover $2,219.70 'for their costs herein expended and have execution therefor.' The judgment entred by this court had made no express provision as to costs. It directed merely:

'That the decree of the said United States Circuit Court of     Appeals in this cause be, and the same is hereby, affirmed in      part and reversed in part, and that this cause be, and the      same is hereby, remanded to the District Court of the United      States for the Eastern District of Missouri for further      proceedings in conformity with the opinion of this court.'

'The decree of the Circuit Court of Appeals is affirmed, in     so far as it reversed the decree of the District Court      dismissing the intervening petition, and is reversed in so      far as it directed that the judgment is a prior lien,      enforceable for the full amount, exclusive of counsel fees,      against the property of the new company.' Page 316 (47 S.C.t.      639).

The relief sought does not involve amendment of the judgment entered. The motion is aimed at the alleged mistake of the clerk in including the direction for the payment of costs in the mandate. Clerical errors of that nature, if occurring, may be corrected after expiration of the term at which the judgment was entered. Compare The Palmyra, 12 Wheat. 1, 10, 6 L. Ed. 531; Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky v. Wistar, 3 Pet. 431, 432, 7 L. Ed. 731; Jackson v. Ashton, 10 Pet. 480, 9 L. Ed. 502; Bank of United States v. Moss, 6 How. 31, 38, 12 L. Ed. 331; Alviso v. United States, 6 Wall. 457, 18 L. Ed. 721; Schell v. Dodge, 107 U.S. 629, 630, 2 S.C.t. 830, 27 L. Ed. 601. There is added reason for allowing correction where the clerical error was made during the vacation of the court.

Was there such an error here? In other words, was the clerk's action contrary to an applicable statute, or not in keeping with the rules and practice of the court? The contention most strongly urged by Spiller is that immunity from costs was conferred by paragraph 2 of section 16 of the Act to Regulate Commerce as amended. Acts of February 4, 1887, c. 104, 24 Stat. 379, 382, 384, June 29, 1906, c. 3591, § 5, 24 Stat. 584, 590, and February 28, 1920, c. 91, § 424, 41 Stat. 474, 491 (49 USCA § 16 (Comp. St. § 8584)). That paragraph, which deals with suits to enforce reparation orders issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission, provides:

'Such suit in the Circuit (District) Court of the United     States shall proceed in all respects like other civil suits      for damages, except that on the trial of such suit the      findings and order of the Commission shall be prima facie      evidence of the facts therein stated, and except that the      petitioner shall not be liable for costs in the Circuit      (District) Court nor for costs at any subsequent stage of the      proceedings unless they accrue upon his appeal. If the     petitioner shall finally prevail he shall be allowed a      reasonable attorney's fee, to be taxed and collected as a      part of the costs of the suit.'

The argument is that this suit is a 'subsequent stage' of the action against the carrier commenced by Spiller in the District Court for Western Missouri and prosecuted there to final judgment. This proceeding arises out of the same cause of action which was the basis for the reparation order and for that action. But it is, in no sense, an 'appeal' of the action brought in the Western district. In that action Spiller 'finally prevailed' in 1920, when the judgment in personam recovered against the carriers in the District Court for Western Missouri was reinstated by this court. Spiller v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Ry. Co., 253 U.S. 117, 40 S.C.t. 466, 64 L. Ed. 810. This proceeding is a new and independent one. It is directed at parties other than the carriers against whom the reparation order and that judgment issued. It is a petition based on that judgment, filed in the receivership proceedings pending in the District Court for Eastern Missouri, and seeks to enforce an alleged lien or equity against property which once belonged to the carrier and which passed upon foreclosure sale to other parties. If this were, as contended, 'a subsequent stage' of the original action, Spiller would have been entitled in this proceeding to an 'attorney's fee, to be taxed and collected as a part of the costs.' The Circuit Court of Appeals denied recovery in this case even of the attorney's fees forming a part of the judgment recovered in the Western district. That ruling was acquiesced in by Spiller, and, in this respect, the judgment was affirmed by this court. 274 U.S. 304, 316, 47 S.C.t. 635, 71 L. Ed. 1060. The purpose of Congress in making the provision concerning costs was to discourage harrassing resistance by a carrier to a reparation order. It was not to deny in independent litigation against third persons a customary incident of success. What the clerk did was not contrary to any provision of the Act to Regulate Commerce.

The question remains whether the clerk was justified by rule and practice in inserting in the mandate the direction concerning costs. Prior to the January term, 1831, costs were seldom allowed in this court upon a reversal. But see Turner v. Enrille, 4 Dall. 7, 8, 1 L. Ed. 717; Wilson v. Mason, 1 Cranch, 45, 102, 2 L. Ed. 29. Compare Mr. Justice Baldwin, 5 Pet. 724. Rule 37 adopted at that term, made each party chargeable with one-half of the legal fees for a copy of the printed record. 5 Pet. 724. Compare McKnight v. Craig's Adm'r, 6 Cranch, 183, 187, 3 L. Ed. 193, and rule 22, adopted at the February term, 1810, 1 Wheat. xvii. Rule 47, adopted at the January term, 1838, provided that in all cases of reversal, except for want of jurisdiction, costs shall be allowed in this court to the plaintiff in error or appellant, unless otherwise ordered by the court. 12 Pet. vii. Rule 24(3) of the Revised Rules adopted at the December term, 1858, eliminated the exception concerning reversals for want of jurisdiction. 21 How. xiv. The rule as then revised has remained in force ever since without substantial change. See 108 U.S. 587; 222 U.S. Appendix, 29. It is now embodied in rule 29(3) of the Revised Rules adopted June 8, 1925. 266 U.S. 675. At no time has the rule expressly prescribed whether costs shall be allowed when the judgment or decree below is reversed only in part. But it has long been the practice of the clerk to insert in the mandate, in such cases, the provision for payment of costs by the defendant in error, appellee, or respondent, in the absence of specific direction by the court. The acquiescence of the court in this practice has operated to give effect to it as a practical construction of the rule. We are of opinion that the rule was properly applied in this case. Compare Baldwin v. Ely, 9 How. 580, 602, 13 L. Ed. 266. Therefore there has been no clerical error for us to correct.

Motion denied.