Southern Pacific Company v. California (162 U.S. 167)/Opinion of the Court

This is a writ of error to a judgment of the supreme court of the state of California affirming the judgment of the superior court of the city and county of San Francisco, and affirming an order of the superior court denying a new trial in an action brought in the name of the people of the state of California against the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, under section 3670 of the Political Code of California, for the recovery of moneys alleged to be due as taxes to the state, and the 13 counties of the state in which the Southern Pacific Railroad is operated, under an assessment made by the state board of equalization, for the purpose of state and county taxation, for the fiscal year 1887. The congressional and state legislation calls for no special remark as contradistinguished from that in respect of the Central Pacific Company. 14 Stat. 292, c. 278; 16 Stat. 573, c. 122; 17 Stat. 59, c. 132; Act Cal. April 4, 1870; St. Cal. 1869-70, p. 883; c. 579; 118 U.S. 394, 399, 6 Sup. Ct. 1132. The record is substantially a duplicate, mutatis mutandis, of the record of the case in Central Pac. R. Co. v. People, and the supreme court of California on appeal decided this case on the authority of its decision in that. 105 Cal. 576, 38 Pac. 905. We have just affirmed that judgment of the supreme court of California (16 Sup. Ct. 766), and this must take the same course.

Judgment affirmed.

Mr. Justice FIELD, dissenting.

I am unable to concur with my associates in their opinion or judgment in this case also, for the reason, as in the case of Central Pac. R. Co. v. California, 16 Sup. Ct. 766, that the judgment recovered against the Southern Pacific Railroad Company is based upon a pretended valuation of that road, in which valuation an assumed franchise granted to the company by the state of California is included.

It is conceded that until April 4, 1870, the Southern Pacific Railroad Company of the state exercised and enjoyed what are termed the franchises of its corporation, that is, the rights, powers, privileges and immunities conferred upon it by state authority, and also various powers, duties, privileges and immunities conferred upon it by the general government, and which are termed its federal franchises. But on that date-the 4th of April, 1870-the legislature of California abrogated the state franchises of that corporation, and substituted by adoption in their place the federal franchises, which have remained in force ever since.

The provisions of the act of congress of July 27, 1866 (14 Stat. 292), and the subsequent amendments thereto, state with entire distinctness the rights, powers, duties, privileges, and immunities of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company. We recite the most essential features:

Section 1 authorized the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad Company to construct its road, vesting it with all powers necessary for that purpose (14 Stat. 293); and section 3 made grants of land to the company 'to secure the safe and speedy transportation of the mails, troops, munitions of war, and public stores' over the route of its line of railway and branches (Id. 294). This was a plain exercise of the power 'to establish post roads,' and of the implied power to construct military roads.

Section 18 of the same act authorized the Southern Pacific Railroad to connect with the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad, made to it similar grants of land, and made it subject to all the conditions and limitations provided in the act for the latter road. 14 Stat. 299.

The Southern Pacific Railroad Company was thus made the agent of the federal government in its exercise of the constitutional power to establish post and military roads.

If the consent of the state was necessary to the complete substitution of the federal franchises thus granted for any then existing state franchises for the construction of the road, it will be found in the act of the legislature of the state of California of April 4, 1870, which, after referring to the grants made and the rights, privileges, powers, and authority vested in and conferred upon the Southern Pacific Railroad Company, provided that: 'To enable the said company to more fully and completely comply with and perform the requirements, provisions and conditions of the said act of congress and all other acts of congress now in force or which may hereafter be enacted, the state of California hereby assents to said act, * *  * and the right, power and privilege is he eby granted to, conferred upon and vested in it to construct, maintain and operate, by steam or other power, the said railroad and telegraph line mentioned in said act of congress, hereby confirming to and vesting in the said company, its successors and assigns, all the rights, privileges, franchises, power and authority conferred upon and granted to or vested in said company by the said act of congress and any act of congress which may be hereafter enacted.' St. Cal. 1869-70, p. 883, c. 579.

The federal franchises for the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad from the Pacific coast to the eastern boundary line of California as a part of a continuous military and post road across the continent established by congress could have had no rival in a state franchise for the construction of the same road; but in order that this might never be questioned, the legislature of the state of California obliterated its own franchise when it ratified and confirmed the franchises given by the federal government to the Southern Pacific Railroad Company.

No assessment could, therefore, be laid upon any merely assumed state valuation, and, consequently, no tax enforced upon its alleged assessment. It follows that the judgment of the supreme court of California, affirming the judgment of the superior court of the city and county of San Francisco, should be reversed.