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 590 GLOSSARY AND NOTES

CHALLEH (Heb.). Loaves of bread prepared for the Sabbath, over which the blessing is said; always made of wheat flour, and sometimes yellowed with saffron.

CHABIF (Heb.). A Talmudic scholar and dialectician.

CHASSIDIM (sing. Chossid) (Heb.). "Pious ones"; followers of Israel Baal Shem, who opposed the sophisticated in- tellectualism of the Talmudists, and laid stress on emotionalism in prayer and in the performance of other religious ceremonies. The Chassidic leader is called Tzaddik ("righteous one"), or Rebbe. See art. " Ha- sidim," In the Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. vi.

CHATTED ODOM. A manual of religious practice used exten- sively by the common people.

CHEDEB (pi. Chedorim) (Heb.). Jewish primary school.

CHU-UUL HA-SHEM (Heb.). "Desecration of the Holy Name"; hence, scandal.

CHIBIK (Heb.). Name of the vowel " i " ; in Volhynia " u " is pronounced like " i."

DAWENING. Saying prayers.

DAT AN (pi. Dayonim) (Heb.). Authority on Jewish re- ligious law, usually assistant to the Rabbi of a town.

DIN TORAH (Heb.). Lawsuit.

DBEIER, DREIEBLECH (Ger.). A small coin.

EIGHTEEN BENEDICTIONS. The nucleus of each of the three daily services, morning, afternoon, evening, and of the " Additional Service " inserted on Sabbaths, festivals, and the Holy Days, between the morning and afternoon services. Though the number of benedictions is actually nineteen, and at some of the services is reduced to seven, the technical designation remains " Eighteen Benedictions." They are usually said as a " silent prayer " by the congregation, and then recited aloud by the cantor, or precentor.

EBETZ YISBOEL (Heb.). Palestine.

EBEV (Heb.). Eve.

EBUV (Heb.). A cord, etc., stretched round a town, to mark the limit beyond which no " burden " may be carried on the Sabbath.