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422 little faith in any plan for the immediate wholesale redemption of the criminal and improvident classes, but hopes and strives for their gradual diminution through the judicious and unselfish organized efforts

of good men and women. She is an active member and was for two years corresponding secretary of the Women's Club of Wisconsin. She is not a professional literary woman, but her pen has been busy in the preparation of short articles and brief stories for publication, and numerous papers to be read before the societies, conferences, clubs and classes with which she has been affiliated.

JOHNSON, Mrs. Eliza McCardle, wife of Andrew Johnson, seventeenth President of the United States, born in Leesburg, Washington county, Tenn., 4th October, 1810, and died in Home, Greene county, Tenn., 15th January, 1876. She was the only daughter of her widowed mother, and her early life was passed in Greenville, Tenn. Her education was thorough for that day and place, and she enriched her mind by a wide course of reading. Miss McCardle was a young woman of great personal beauty and refinement, when, in 1826, Andrew Johnson, just out of his apprenticeship, arrived in Greenville. They became acquainted and were married on 27th May, 1826. Mr. Johnson had had only the most meager education. He had never attended school a day. Feeling the need of education, he at once set to work to remedy the defect in his training, and in that work he was greatly aided by his cultured wife, who devoted herself solely to him and contributed materially to his success in life. Mr. Johnson entered politics. He was elected to the State legislature, and in 1861 he was in the United States Senate. In that year Mrs. Johnson spent several months in Washington. On account of impaired health she returned to Greenville, and on 24th April, 1862, she was ordered to pass beyond the Confederate lines within thirty-six hours. Too ill to obey the order, she remained in Greenville all summer. In September, 1862, she went with her children to Nashville, to join her husband. The excitement of the journey broke her health still further. When her husband became President, she was a confirmed invalid. She was not able to appear in society in Washington, and she was glacf to leave the White House and return to Greenville. The duties of mistress of the White House fell upon her daughter, Mrs. Martha Patterson. Another daughter, Mrs. Mary-Stover, was a member of the White House household during a part of President Johnson's term of office.

JOHNSON, Miss E. Pauline, poet, born in the family residence, "Chiefs wood," on the Six Nation Indian Reserve, Brant county, Ontario, Canada, ten miles east of Brantford, her present home. Her father. George Henry Martin Johnson, Owanonsyshon (The Man With the Big House), was head chief of the Mohawks. Her mother, Emily S. Howells, an English woman, was born in Bristol, England. Miss Johnson's paternal grand-father was the distinguished John Sakayenkwaeaghton (Disappearing Mist) Johnson, usually called John Smoke Johnson, a pure Mohawk of the Wolf clan and speaker of the Six Nation Council for forty years; he fought for the British through the War of 1812-15, and was noted for his bravery. The name of his paternal great-grandfather was Tekahionwake, but when christening him "Jacob," in Niagara, Sir William Johnson, who was present, suggested they christen him Johnson also, after himself; hence the family name now used as surname. Miss Johnson was educated at home by governesses and afterwards in the Brantford Model School. She is an earnest member of the Church of England, and was christened Pauline, after the favorite sister of Napoleon Bonaparte, who was Chief Johnson's greatest hero. It is an interesting fact that, with her birth-claim to the name of a