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216 She is of German descent, her maiden name being Ouackenbush. At an early age her family removed to Canada, and for several years resided in Consecon, Ont., where Miss Quaekenbush attended a grammar school. She lived in Michigan for some time, and while there she was engaged in teaching. It was at that time she commenced to contribute to the literary press. In 1869 she returned to Canada, locating in Newtonville, Ont. Writing for various Canadian and American newspapers was there a pleasant pastime. In 1871 she became the wife of John Crawford, of Clarke, Ont. For a few years her literary efforts were rather desultory, owing to domestic cares. She has two children, a boy and girl. In 1S87 an entire summer's illness afforded leisure for literary work, and since that time more or less writing for the press has occupied her time, and always under the assumed title, "Maude Moore." Her present residence is in Bowmanville, Ont.

CRAWFORD, Mrs. Mary J., church organizer and worker, born in Great Valley, Cattaraugris

county, N. Y., 15th April. 1843. Her maiden name was Mary Mudgett. She became the wife of William I.. Crawford, 11th June, 1866. His business called him to Florida in 1883, and they built a home on the St. John river, in South Jacksonville, a suburb of Jacksonville. Their family consists of one son. Mrs. Crawford's time and means have been riven to further the work of the Episcopal Church, of which she is a devoted member. As soon as they were settled in their Florida home, the need of a church was forced upon her attention. Services were held in the ferry waiting-room, and later services were held regularly in her home for several months. Mrs. Crawford at once started a project to secure a church. She opened a Sunday-school with six or eight pupils and about as many teachers. In a short time the school grew, and it was necessary to rent a room for the work. Increased attendance followed. Mrs. Crawford circulated a subscription list and personally secured the money needed to erect a new church building. The new building was dedicated as All Saints Episeopal Church on Whitsunday, in 1888. Bishop Weed, of Florida, officiating. In the new and handsome structure the church has prospered greatly, largely through Mrs. Crawford's work. At present her home is in St. Augustine, Fla.. where she is an active member of Trinity Church, and the directress of the Ladies' Auxiliary Society of the parish.

CROLY, Mrs. Jennie Cunningham, pioneer woman journalist, was born in Market-Harborotigh, Leicestershire, Kngland, 19th December, 1831. Her father was a Unitarian minister, descended from Scotch ancestors who left Scotland with James I and settled in England. Her mother belonged to an old country family. Her father, Rev. Joseph Howes Cunningham, brought his family to the United States when Jennie was about nine years old. Fie was a man of pronounced view s, and he had made himself unpopular by preaching and lecturing on temperance in his native town. On account of his obnoxious temperance views his English neighbors once mobbed his house, and his children were assaulted on their way to school. He had visited the United States before settling here. Jennie inherited her father's traits of character. She was a precocious child and early showed her literary trend in little plays written in childhood. Her first production that was published appeared in the New York "Tribune." Her taste lor journalism grew rapidly, and she at an early age took a position on the New York "Sunday Dispatch," at a salary of three dollars a week. Soon after she took a position on the New York "Sunday Times." at a salary of live dollars a week. That position she held for five years, doing general work in the line of items for women readers. She soon became a correspondent of the New Orleans "Delta" and the Richmond " Whig," an editorial writer on the "Democratic Review" and a regular contributor to the "Round Table." In 1856 she invented the duplicate system of correspondence and became one of the editors and the dramatic critic of the "Sunday Times." Her activity was remarkable. She became editor of the fashion department of "Frank Leslie's Magazine" and wrote the fashions for "Graham's Magazine." She aided in starting Madame Demorest's "Mirror of Fashions." a quarterly, which she wrote entirely for four years, and which was consolidated with the " Illustrated News" and became " Demorest's Illustrated Magazine." She edited it for twenty-seven years, and also started and controlled other minor publications for the same house. She introduced main-novelties in New York journalism. Early in life she became the wife of David G. Croly, then city editor of the New York " Herald," on which paper she did much work. In 1860 her husband was chosen managing editor of the New York "World." just started, and Mrs. Croly took charge of the department relating to women, which she controlled until 1872, and during eight years of that time sin- did similar work for the New York "Times." When the "Daily Graphic" was started in New York. Mr. Croly became its editor, and Mrs. Croly transferred her services to that journal. During those busy years she corresponded for more than a score of prominent journals in different States, and she is still serving many of them in that capacity. Her work throughout has had the distinct aim of building up the intellectual status of women. Her ideas have taken form in the organization of women's clubs and societies. In March, 1868, Mis. Croly,