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174 of that Class of Americans Called Africans." Its appearance served to cut her off from the friends and admirers uf her youth. Social and literary circles shut their doors to her. The sales of her books and subscriptions to her magazine fell off, and her life became one of battle. Through it all she bore herself with patience and courage, and she threw herself into the movement with all her powers. While engaged in that memorable battle, she found time to produce her lives of Madame Roland and Baroness de Stael, and her Greek romance, "Philothea". She, with her husband, supervised editorially the "Anti-Slavery Standard," in which she published her admirable "Letters from New York." During those troubled times she prepared her three-volume work on "The Progress of Religious Ideas." She lived in New York City with her husband from 1840 to 1844. when she removed to Way land, Mass, where she died 20th October, 1880. Her anti-slavery writings aided powerfully in bringing about the overthrow of slavery, and she lived to see a reversal of the hostile opinions that greeted her first plea for the negroes. Her books are numerous. Besides those already mentioned the most important are "Flowers for Children" (3 volumes, 1844-46); "Fact and Fiction" (1846); "The Tower of Kindness" (1851); "Isaac T. Hopper, a True Life" (1853); "Autumnal Leaves" (1856); "Looking Towards Sunset" (1864); "The Freedman's Book" (1865); "Miria" (1867), and "Aspirations of the World" (1878). Her reply to Governor Wise, of Virginia, and to the wife of Senator Mason, the author of the fugitive slave law, who wrote to her, threatening her with future damnation, was published with their letters in pamphlet form, and 300,000 copies were issued. A volume of her letters, with an introduction by John Greenleaf Whittier and an appendix by Wendell Phillips, was published in Boston, in 1882.

CHURCHILL, Mrs. Caroline M., editor and publisher, born in the township of Pickering, in the Upper Province of Canada, 23rd December, 1833. She lived with her parents in the township Of Whitley until thirteen years of age, and was then sent to Lockport, N. Y., to attend school. How her father, Barber Nichols, came to settle in Canada is a matter not clearly understood by the family, as he was born in Providence, R. I., and served in the war of 1812, for which he drew a pension. He lived to be 100 years old. Her mother is now over ninety years old and drawing a widow's pension for the father's service in 1812. Her father was a prosperous tradesman and a leading man fifty years ago in what is now called Ontario. His mother was French, his father English. The mother was Holland Dutch and German, transplanted to the State of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Churchill became the wife of a Canadian, who died in 1862. One daughter, born in 1852, is her only child. In 1869 Mrs. Churchill was attacked with what appeared to be the dread disease, consumption. California was chosen as the best place at that time to overcome a difficulty of that nature. Thither she repaired and took to canvassing for the sake of life in the open air. The result was such that her cough ceased and her health was restored. Her constitution is a light one, however, and without very favorable conditions much development is hardly possible. Mrs. Churchill's most notable public work during six years of traveling life in California was the defeat of Holland's social evil bill by a burlesque. She drew up a bill for the regulation and control of immoral men similar to that introduced for the regulation of the same class of women A member of the committee to whom the bill was submitted caused the burlesque to be printed and extensively circulated, creating a great deal of amusement at the expense of the advocate of Holland's bill. The latter was never heard from again. An assembly and senate attempted to get the same bill passed in Denver, Col., within a year or two. That burlesque was reprinted and placed upon the tables in both houses, and the bill was defeated. Mrs. Churchill has written two books which have had a sale of over fifty-thousand copies, a little descriptive work called "Little Sheaves," and a book of travel entitled "Over the Purple Hills." While traveling in Texas, she introduced a bill in the legislature, the import of which was to keep the "Police Gazette" from being sold upon the news stands in the State. The bill passed, was signed by Governor Roberts, and has been in force for fifteen years. Feeling the need of preparation for age, Mrs. Churchill settled in Denver, and there established the "Colorado Antelope," a monthly. After publishing it for three years, the paper was changed to a weekly, the "Queen Bee," in 1879. She is a good speaker, but, from press of work in making a home for herself, she has had little opportunity to become known in the lecture field. Mrs. Churchill is by nature aggressively progressive.

CHURCHILL, Miss Lide A., born in Harrison, Maine, 9th April, 1859. She is the youngest child of Josiah and Catherine Churchill. From her father she inherited her literary tastes and refined nature, from her mother her strong will and decided traits of character. Three years after her birth Mr. Churchill removed to New Gloucester, Maine, where he resided with his family until his death. When quite young, Miss Churchill decided to learn telegraphy, and went to Saundersville, Mass., where she partially mastered the art. She took charge of a small office in Northbridge, Mass., and without assistance perfected herself in the science. From that office she was promoted to