Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 4, 1802).djvu/442

408&#93; 4o8] 6 A ft than it was origiaally designed, •with a view to divide the pres- sure and fri6tion more equally on the opposite side of the wheel : so that the aftioa on each is diminish- ed ; and the risk of over-heating and destroying the fridJon bars is Tendered less, than if the whole pressure were applied in one point, on the top of the wheel. The ad- vantages arising from the drag here described, are as follow : 1. The pressure and degree of fri6lion may, with great expedi- tion, be adjusted to the steepness of the declivity 3 so that the car- riage will neither press forward, nor require much exertion in the draught. ' 2. The fridion Is, with grr at pro- priety, applied to the wheel in such a direction, that a given pressuic will produce tivicc the eftett in re- tarding the progress, which it would have, in case it bad been immediately applied to the body of the cart, or to the axis. 3. This apparatus is so easily ar-. ranged, that it may be immediate- ly adjusted, without stopping the carriage,, or esiposiug the driver to daager-. . .: . ,r, 4. Lord..^,'s useful contrivance will be of still greater utility when applied to Uoih the iiind wheels of waggons : for, by this expetiient, the resistance may not only be al- ways adapted to the stfepne.is of the des»:ent, so as etTcdtuaWy to prevent both the tearing up high roads, and the unnecessary exer- tion of cattle, when drawing lock- ed carriages dow n hiUa j but also (he frequent accidents to which drivers are exposed, will be com- pletely obviated ; and that time, which is now spent in locking and unlocking waggon- wheels, will in future be saved. CAT' CASCARILLA, is the bark of the Croton eleutheria, L. a native' of the East Indies, whence it is imnorted in the form of cmlcd pieces, or rolled up into short quills, about an inch in width j externally resembling the Peruvian bark. Divested of its whitish upper rind, the Cascarilla possesses an agreeable smell, and a bitterish, pungent, aromatic taste. This inflammable drug, when burning, emits a fragrant odour, not unlike that of musk ; on account of which property it is often employed in fumigations, or as an ingredient in tobacco, with the fanciful view of purifying a corruptea atmosphere. On the Continent, the cascarilla is frequently and successfully ad-* ministered in intermittent /evers, even as a substitute for the Peru- vian bark ; being less liable to pro- duce the inconveniencies which the latter is apt to ocpasion by its as- Ktrjngency. The former drug, ac- cording to. medical ^Titers, has also been prescribed with uncom- mon advantage in dangerous epi- demic and petechial fevers, in tla- tulent colics, internal hemorrhages, dysenteries, diarrhccas, and similar disorders. — The virtues of the Cas- carilla are partially extracted by water, and totally by leflilied spi- rit } though it operates most etiec- tually when given in powder ; the doses being regulated, according to circumstances, from ten to 30 grains, every four, six, or eight hours. CATITE.— As the fattening of cattle is an object of great impor- tance, we sball here add an account of two articles, that have lately been employed with considerable suc- cess. The first is wash, or the refuse of grains remaining after di<- liiia-