Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 4, 1802).djvu/40

20&#93; .0] SAN. itituent part!?. This species is usually grey, yellow, or brown, and is chiefly manufactured into mill - stones, filtering - stones, or coarse wliet-stones. 3. Siliceous Sandstones are composed of grains of sand, that are cemented together with silica or flint, or with some substance, the basis of which is formed by the last mentioned fossil. They are considerably harder than any of the other species. 4. Ferruginous Sand-stones con- sist of large, loose particles of sand, which are cemented together by means of the rust of iron ; being soft, and usually found of a dark- red, yellow, or brown colour. Sand-stones are of great utility for buildings designed to resist the combined effcfts of air, fire, and water. Some of these fossils are soft while in the quarry, but be- come bard on expoaure to the air. 'riiose of a friable nature arc ge- nerally employed, being best adapt- ed to this purpose j because die hard kinds are apt to burst in the fire : the latter, however, will ad- mit of being polished, and may be ad- vantageously used for whet-stones. SAND^^'ORT, or Araiaria, L. a genus of plants, comprising 43 species, 7 of which, according to Dr. WiTHEEiNGi but with Dr. S.MiTtt 10, are indigenous : the principal of these is the marina, or Sea-spurrcy Sandwort, which is perennial, grows in salt-marshes and on the sea-coast, where it flowers from May till Oftober. — This succulent vegetable bears great resemblance to samphire, and considerable quantities of it are ac- tually pickled, and sold for that plant. SANDAL, or Sanoebs the Red, Pterocarpus santalinus, L. a SAN tree which is a native of the Eait Indies, whence its wood is im- ported into Britain, in the form of large billets. The best kind is ex- ternally of a dull-red, or nearly blackish colour, internally brown- red ; being of a compact texture, and possessing neither a peculiar smell, nor taste. Red sanders is chiefly employed as a colouring drug, in the com- pound tin6ture of lavender ; for there is scarcely any other oil to which it communicates its tinge. When reduced to a fine powder, it is more clfeiftual for dyeing, than if it be merely cut into small pieces ; but the powder of red sanders com- monly sold in tlie shops, is often moistened with acids, and adul- terated with other substances.— BoHMER observes, that wool dyed of this wood becomes hard; and that the colom' may be rendered much darker, by the addition of common salt and sal-ammoniac dis- solved in the ley : — the Dutch are supposed tc macerate this tinging substance in urine, for a similar purpose. Sandal-wood communicates a deep red to re6titied spirit, but imparts no tin^c to water. — Geof- FROY and others have remarked, that the Brazil woods are some- times substituted for red sanders ; a fraud which may be easily ascer- tained, by immersing a small por- tion of the former in water, with which its colour readily combines. — ^The sandal-wood pays, on im- portation, a duty of 5s. Ifd. per cwt. SANDARACH, a gummy-re- sinous substance, exuding from an exotic species of the juniper-tree. It is imported in the form of small pieces or tears resembling pease, which are transparent; of a pale- yellowish