Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 2, 1802).djvu/373

341&#93; FRU dag in .i dry soil, or in dry cellars, or even In barns, it' the tempera- lure be betwe< n vi and -18° ol F jt- uiniii:ii-'s thermometer; that is, such as will neither induc( frost, nor vegetation. These pits or ma- il s however, ought to be co- vered with such materials as are calculated to repel heat, and to absorb any accidental putrid exha- lations, and thus retard the pro- gn 3S of putrefaction. Henct Dr. Dak wiv recommends the fruit to !)'■ covered first with pulverized charcoal, one or two inches thick, over which is to be laid a stratum of saw-dust, and over the latter, a thick, impenetrable thatch of straw: thus, seeds and fruits may be stored up for ages, without vegetating or decaying. He likewise mentions another mode of preserving fruit, by heat. As fermentation will not commence in the heatof boiling wa- ter, or 2] 2° ; and, as that degree of temperature can be easily procured by steam, or by the vicinity of vessels containing boiling water, he is of opinion, that such fruits as are used for culinary purposes throughout the year, may be kept in a fresh state, by putting them into bottles, and exposing them to the wasted steam of engines ; or, by immersing them in the hot water that flows from such steam when condensed ; or, by placing the bottles near the boilers which are fixed beside kitchen fires. Before we conclude this article, we shall briefly observe, 1. That the cutting and pruning of young fruit-trees retard their bearing ; though such necessary operations contribute to the richness and fla- vour of the fruit, as wed as to the beauty o: the tree. 2. That those plants which produce kernels, yield fruit later, but in greater abund- F RU [34* ance than stone-fruit trees : tho time for bearing required by I te former being upon an everage five. years. 3. That stone-fruit, figs, and grapes, generally yield abun- dantly at the. expiration of three or four years ; bear full crops in the fifth and sixth years ; and, if ju- diciously managed, will couti iue to produce for s :veral seasons. 4. That the fruit of wall-trees, in general, attains to maturity sooner than that growing on standards ; and the. fruit on the latter, earlier than that produced by dwarfs. 5. That the produce of all wall-trees, which are planted in the south and east quarters, ripens generally about the same period ; though that growing in a southern exposure is often tar- lier than the fruit in die east ; while that towards the west is later than either of the former, by eight or ten days ; and that exposed to the north, by fifteen or twenty days. Lastly, as the freezing winds of this country proceed from the north-east, we shall, under the head of Orchards, give more par- ticular directions relative to the most proper situation of fruit-trees, and illustrate this interesting branch of husbandry by an appropriate en- graving. — See also Engrafting, Plantation, Pruning, ike. Among the various distinct pub- lications which have appeared on tins subject, the following are al- lowed to possess considerable me- rit : " A Treatise on Fruit-trees," SccbyTnoMAsHiTT} Svo. 2ded! . 5a. 3d. Robinson, ljQS j— -and " The British Fruit Gardener, and Art of Pruning," &c. by Thomas Abkrcrombiej Svo. 4s. bound, 1779- Colours from Fruits. — The red juices of currants, mulberries, elder-berries., black- cherries, and Z 3 other