Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 2, 1802).djvu/321

289&#93; r i r • not remain in the apartment, but • itinually collected in the chim- ney, by the current of cold air which surrounds it, and by which in a short time curried oft". Nor is ihist e only inconvenience attendant on such improper con- in ances, tor the greatest part of the tire is lost, in consequence of its being absorbed by the back, jambs, and hearth, which are dark and obscure, and reflect v> rv licrie, so that the heat flies directly up the chimney. 3. To remedy this inconveni- ence, an ingenious Frenchman, named Gacgek, in the year 1709, P'oposed seven different construc- tions of a new kind ofchimnies, in which there are hollow cavities, formed by means of iron plates in- serted in the back; jambs, and hearth: thiough these the heat passes and warms the air in those cavities, which is thus continually communicated to the room. Al- though many advantages arise from this arrangement, yet the expence necessarily incurred, must ever be an insuperable obstacle 10 its ge- neral adoption. 4. Another kind of fire-place is the Holland iron-stove, which has a line proceeding from the top, and a small iron door that opens into the apartment. They serve :o"rra a room, lessen the consumption of fuel, and to produce a constant change of air ; but, as the fire is too much confined, it is neither suffi- ciently chearful, nor calculated for culinary purposes, and is therefore employed chiefly to work-shops. 5. The Go man stove consists of five iron plates, which are screwed closely together in such a manner, that the fuel may ue put into it from another room, and even from NO. VII, — vol. 11, F I R [2S9 the Outside of the house. This stove warms rooms w tfa little tii-i, and i^ not attended with any dan- ger from 1 ion of cold air ; but it admits 01 no chan • draught of air in the room, and the lire is likcv ifcd. Such are the inconveniencies at- tending the (ire-places in general use ; and, though we by no means wish to depreciate th ^ inventions of Count Rumfokd, yet we are of opinion that the Pennsylvania .fire- place, which was originally con- trived by Dr. Franklin, is emi- nently adapted to domestic pur- poses, both for its economy in the consumption of fuel, and on ac- count of its efficacious mode of im- parting heat. From these consi- derations, we have been induced to proetire several cuts, by which the reader will be enabled to form :i r estimate of an invention which appears to be susceptible only of very few improvements. Dr. Franklix's machine consists ; ] . Of a bottom plate or hearth- pi -ce, as in the annexed figure, with a rising moulding in front, for; a fender 5 with two perforated ears, F, G, for the reception of two screw-rods ; — = a long air-hole a, a, throu-h which, the external air pajses into an air- box; and also of three smoke-holes, represented by dark squares in B. C, thfougi which the smoke dc- U scendg