Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 1, 1802).djvu/328

298&#93; *9S] BOA lion for preserving weather-lonrd- hig, may be made in the following manner : — Take three-parts of air- slacked lime, two of wood-; 1 and one of fine sand, or sea-coal ashes. Sift these through a fine , and let them be well mixed: then add as much lintseed oil as viil bring the whole into a con- nce fit for working with a painter's brush. xVt first, give. the. weather-boarding a thin coat of this mixture ; and when that is dry, give it a second, as thick as can be con venientl y worked. Tl :; s composition is cheaper and more durable than paint : it is also im- penetrable to water, and not liable ■to be injured by the action of the weather, or the heat of the sun. BOAT, a small open vessel worked by oars or sails. The for- mation and names of boats are dif- ferent, according to the purposes for which tinware intended: hence they are slight or strong, with a l:eel, or fiat-bottom, open, half, t r whole decked, and plain or or- namented. -»I. Berxieres invented a boat which is not liable to be overset or sunk. Some trials were made with this vessel, at Paris, in the year 1/77, in the presence of a vast concourse of spectators. Eight men went into the boat, and rocked it till it filled with water, and af- terwards rowed it along the river in that state, without danger of sinking. M. Bernieres then ordered a mast to be erected in the same boat, when filled with water, and hauled downbya rope fastened to the top of the mast, till it touched the surface of the river, so that the vessel heeled in a position to which neither winds nor waves could bring her ; vet as soon as the rope nras let go, the boat recovered her 30 A pquipoise in less than a second, This experiment proved that the boat could neither be sunk nor overturned, and that it afforded the greatest possible security against accidents. Hence this invention die first importance to the in- habitants of maritime states. In the year 1J85, a patent was granted to Mr. Lukix, for his im- provement in the construction of boats and small vessels, so that they will neither overset nor sink. This useful invention is described . in the specification of the patent, as follows : To the outsides of boats and vessels, of the common or any odier form, are projecting gunwales, sloping from the top of the common gunwale, in a faint curve, towards the water, so as not to interrupt the oars in rowing ; and, from die extreme projection (which may be greater or less, ac- cording to the size and use the boat or vessel is intended for), returning to the side in a slight curve, at a proper distance above the water- line. These projecting gunwales may be made solid, of any light materials, that will repel the water, or hollow and water-tight, or of cork, and covered with thin wood, canvas, leather, tin, or any other light metal, mixture, or composi- tion.. These projections are very small at the stem and stern, and increase gradually to the dimensi- ons required ; they will effectually prevent the boat or vessel from being overset by sudden squalls, or violent gales of wind, either in sailing or rowing, or by imprudent or unskilful management. In tire inside at the stem and stern, and at the sides (where the projecting gunwales are not necessary), ana under the seats and thwarts, are, ires, or bulk-heads, made water-