Page:William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (3rd ed, 1768, vol I).djvu/409

 Ch. 11. ecrated. But there is a method, by the favour of the crown, of holding uch livings ''in commendam. Commenda, or eccleia commendata'', is a living commended by the crown to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pator is provided for it. This may be temporary, for one, two, or three years, or perpetual; being a kind of dipenation to avoid the vacancy of the living, and is called a commenda retinere. There is alo a commenda recipere, which is to take a benefice de novo, in the bihop's own gift, or the gift of ome other patron conenting to the ame; and this is the ame to him as intitution and induction are to another clerk. 4. By reignation. But this is of no avail, till accepted by the ordinary; into whoe hands the reignation mut be made. 5. By deprivation, either by canonical cenures, of which I am not to peak; or in puruance of divers penal tatutes, which declare the benefice void, for ome nonfeaance or neglect, or ele ome malefeaance or crime. As, for imony ; for maintaining any doctrine in derogation of the king's upremacy, or of the thirty nine articles, or of the book of common-prayer ; for neglecting after intitution to read the articles in the church, or make the declarations againt popery, or take the abjuration oath ; for uing any other form of prayer than the liturgy of the church of England ; or for abenting himelf ixty days in one year from a benefice belonging to a popih patron, to which the clerk was preented by either of the univerities ; in all which and imilar caes the benefice is ipo facto void, without any formal entence of deprivation.

VI. is the lowet degree in the church; being in the ame tate that a vicar was formerly, an officiating temporary miniter, intead of the proper incumbent. Though there are what are called perpetual curacies, where all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage endowed, (being for ome particular Rh