Page:William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (3rd ed, 1768, vol I).djvu/398

 382 power and authority of a bihop, beides the adminitration of certain holy ordinances peculiar to that acred order, conit principally in inpecting the manners of the people and clergy, and punihing them, in order to reformation, by eccleiatical cenures. To this purpoe he has everal courts under him, and may viit at pleaure every part of his diocee. His chancellor is appointed to hold his courts for him, and to ait him in matters of eccleiatical law; who, as well as all other eccleiatical officers, if lay or married, mut be a doctor of the civil law, o created in ome univerity. It is alo the buines of a bihop to intitute, and to direct induction, to all eccleiatical livings in his diocee.

and bihopricks may become void by death, deprivation for any very gros and notorious crime, and alo by reignation. All reignations mut be made to ome uperior. Therefore a bihop mut reign to his metropolitan; but the arch-bihop can reign to none but the king himelf.

II. and chapter are the council of the bihop, to ait him with their advice in affairs of religion, and alo in the temporal concerns of his fee. When the ret of the clergy were ettled in the everal parihes of each diocee (as hath formerly been mentioned) thee were reerved for the celebration of divine ervice in the bihop's own cathedral; and the chief of them, who preided over the ret, obtained the name of decanus or dean, being probably at firt appointed to uperintend ten canons or prebendaries.

antient deans are elected by the chapter, by conge d'elire from the king, and letters miive of recommendation; in the ame manner as bihops: but in thoe chapters, that were founded by Henry VIII out of the poils of the diolved monateries, the deanery is donative, and the intallation merely by the king's Rh