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Mr. Ts'ao Ju-lin was born at Shanghai in 1875. In 1898 he passed a competitive examination and was sent by the government to Japan to pursue a higher education. Upon his arrival at the Island Empire, he learned the rudiments of the Japanese language, after which he entered the the Imperial University in Tokio. For several years he studied law in that well-known institution of learning, and upon his graduation he returned to China in 1904. Then the government was holding an examination of all the returned students from Europe, America and Japan. This examination was taken by Mr. Tsao, and successfully passed. He was awarded the degree of Doctor of Law, and at once appointed a junior secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce. At the same time he was a lec-