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66 the Manchurian Province during the Revolution in 1911-12. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, General Chang was made a Lieutenant General and Commander of the Twenty-Seventh Division of the National Army. General Chang served Yuan Sha-kai faithfully, but when Yuan's monarchical movement was about to collapse, he compelled General Tuan Chi-kuei, who was then Civil and Military Governor (Chiangchun and Hsunanshih) of Fengtien, and supporter of the movement, to leave Fengtien. Asked why he refused to support Yuan, whom he had urged to ascend the Throne, General Chang replied that he was only making a figure of speech when he asked Yuan to do so.

On April 17, 1916 he was ordered by Peking for the Chiang-chun of Fengtien. Two days later he got the appointment as Hsunanshih (Civil Governor) of Fengtien. On April 22, he was made a Chiangchun of Fengtien with the special title of two words "Sheng Wu." On the 23rd he was appointed Acting Director-General of Military Affairs and concurrently to hold the position of Hsunanshih of Fengtien. On July 6, 1916 General Chang became Tuchun and Shengchang which were the new designations for Military and Civil Governors in place of Chiangchun and Hsunanshih respectively. General Chang assisted the former Prime Minister, General Tuan Chi-jui, in restoring the Republic for the second time in June 1917 when it was overthrown by General Chang Hsun who attempted to restore the Ching Regime. In 1918 General Chang was appointed the High Inspecting Commissioner of the Three Eastern Provinces, still holding the positions of Military and Civil Governors of Fengtien. In October 1919 General Chang was conferred the First Order of Merit. In January 1920 he was made a Full General as recognition of service rendered in connection with the Participation in the European War. In February 1920 he was conferred the First Order of Tashou Paokuang Chiaha. During 1918-20, the government of North China remained in the hands of a clique of Northern Militarists, presided over by Tuan Chi-jui. In July 1920 the Chihli and Fengtien Tuchuns took advantage of public hostility towards fche faction in power to force the matter to an issue. The dismissal of Hsu Shu-tseng from the Commandership of the North-western Frontier Defence Force and also from the position of North-Wtestern Colonization Commissioner was demanded by General Wu Pei-fu and General Tsao-Kun, the High Inspecting Commissioner of Chihli, Shantung and Honan. The President yielded by issuing a Mandate on the 4th ordering the dismissal.

As a result of the opposition of the "Tuchuns," Parliament and of the Anfu leaders, President Hsu on July 9, ordered Wu Pei-fu to be dismissed from the Commandership of the Third Division to be deprived of all ranks and honors, and to be dealt with by law. Tsao Kun was also censured. These Generals accepted the challenge, and in co-operation with General Chang Tso-lin, undertook "to support the government" by the forcible removal of the Anfu Party. The power of the Anfu leaders collapsed after a few engagements in which the only real fighting was done by Wu Pei-fu's forces. On October 10, 1920 General Chang was made Shan Chiang-chun (Marshal) with the title of two words Chen Wei. Following a conference of Super-Tuchuns, Chang Tso-lin, Tsao Kun and