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General Ts'ai Ch'eng-hsun was born at Tientsin, Chihli province, in 1873. He was graduated from the Peiyang Military Academy in 1899. Subsequently he was appointed a deputy to the Metropolitan Banner Troops. Concurrently he acted as teacher of the military school attached to the troops. After a few years he was promoted to be a deputy director of the Metropolitan Garrison forces. Later he became a proctor in the headquarters of the Metropolitan Troops and staff-officer of the First Imperial Division. Still later he was appointed assistant commander of the troops stationed in the vicinity of Peking and afterwards staff officer of the Training Headquarters. In 1911, before the First Revolution, General Ts'ai was appointed commander of the 41st Brigade stationed in Chekiang province. During the First Revolution, he was commissioned to direct field operations against the Shansi revolutionary forces at Nang-Tzu-Kuan on the Cheng-Tai Railway. Upon the establishment of the Republic, Yuan Shih-kai appointed him an aid-de-camp of the President's Office and also made him a Major-General. In September 1913 he was appointed Commander of the First Brigade of the First Division. In August 1914