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General Tang Tsai-li was born at Shanghai in 1882. He passed in 1898 the competitive examinations conducted by the Shanghai School of Languages and was sent to Japan as a government student. He was among the first group of Chinese students sent to the Japanese Military Cadet School. He entered this school in October 1901, taking a course in applied artillery and engineering, graduating there in 1904. In 1904 General Tang returned to China and served under Yuan Shih-kai, who was then Viceroy of Peiyang, as his staff officer, chief assistant instructor and in various other capacities at the Training Bureau. He acted as umpire at the manoeuvres held in Hokienfu, Chihli and Changtehfu Honan. In 1900, was appointed commander of the artillery regiment of the Fifth Division stationed in Shantung. In 1908 he became chief of the department of the Training Bureau of the Metropolitan Forces. In the same year, he was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel of the artillery, chief staff officer of the manoeuvres at Chochow, Chihli and inspected the National