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General Chang Shao-tseng was born at Tach'eng Hsien, Chihli province, in 1870. After having received preliminary education in a military school in North China, he went to Japan and studied in the Military Officer's Academy where he graduated in October 1901 as a member of the first group of Chinese military students from Japan. Upon his return to China, General Chang enlisted in the Army. In 1911 he was made Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial 20th Division with headquarters at Hsin Ming Teng, Mukden. In October 1911, the Imperial Chin government ordered a great manoeuver to be held at Kaiping on the Peking Mukden Line. Six Divisions of the Imperial Army were to participate including General Chang's. His troops were given Lanchow, near Kaiping, for an encampment. The revolution broke out at Wuchang on October 10, two days before the beginning of the maneouver. An urgent order was issued to have