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General Pao Kuei-ch'ing was born at Hai-cheng Hsien, Fentien Province. He was graduated from the Kaiping Military Academy at Kaiping, Chihli. After graduation he joined the late President Yuan Shih-kai who was then training modern troops at Hsiao-chan, as a non-commissioned officer. However, General Pao's promotion was rapid. Shortly before the First Revolution he was promoted to the position of Brigade Commandant. From September 1913 to August 1915 General Pao was the Garrison Commissioner of Huhu, Anhui Province. From Anhui he was called to Peking becoming the Director of the National Military Training Institution, a very important position at that time. In July 1917 General Pao became Tuchun of Heilungkiang holding concurrently the post of Civil Governor of the same province. Simultaneously he was given the rank of a full Gen-