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Mr. Niu Chuan-hsan, was born in Kiukiang, Kiangsi, in 1875. He received his early education in Japan. He started early in government service under the Manchu regime as magistrate of Tehyang, Huayang. Mienning and Chungking in Szechuen province. While serving as Prefect of the Chungking Prefecture, in the days of Emperor Kwang Hsu, he was considered the most brilliant among his colleagues in handling intricate cases by Governors Chao Erh-shun and Hsi Liang of Szechuan, whom he assisted in establishing schools, industrial enterprises, police systems and self-government. Mr. Niu's book on the constitutional government of prefectures and cities was recommended for Imperial perusal and thus enjoyed nation wide publicity. Through the recommendation of Lord Li Ching-hsi, then Viceroy of Yunnan and Kweichow, Mr. Niu was appointed Prefect