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General Ma Fu-hsiang was born at Tao-ho Hsien, Kansu province. He was a Provincial Graduate in military science, having successfully passed the provincial examinations. The highest position General Ma held under the Ching regime was that of Brigade-General at Palikun, New Dominion. In July-August 1912, General Ma was Acting Chief Executive Officer at Ko-konor. In October 1912 he was appointed Commander of the Guards Division stationed at Altai. In September 1913 General Ma was appointed Deputy Military Commissioner of Ninghsia, Kansu Province. Subsequently he was made a Lieutenant General. In May 1917 General Ma was awarded the Third Order of Merit; in July 1919, the First Class Tashou Chiaho; and in October 1920, the Second Order of Merit. In December 1920 General Ma was appointed Tutung or Governor of the Suiyuan Special Area. In July 1922 General Ma was made a Chiangchun with the special title "Hsiang Wu", and in October 1922 he was given the First Class Tashou Pao-kuang Chiaho Decoration.