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Mr. Liu Chih-chou was born at Feng-hsiang Hsien, Shensi Province, in 1883. He was graduated from the School of Science at Sharghai. Subsequently he taught in the Middle School of his native district for three years. Upon the outbreak of the First Revolution in October 1911, Mr. Liu organized a volunteer corp in his district and declared the independence of Feng Hsiang and the adjacent districts in defiance of the Manchu authority. In 1912, the first year of the Republic, Mr. Liu was elected a member of the Shensi Provincial Assembly. At the same time he taught in the Shensi Academy, Sianfu. In 1913 Mr. Liu was elected a Member of the Lower House of the First Parliament which was convoked in Peking in