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Mr. Chang I-lin was born at Soochow, Kiangsu Province, in 1865. When he was thirteen years old, he passed the Prefectural Examination and obtained the rank of "Salaried Licentiate." At the age of twenty he passed the Provincial Examination and became a Chu Jen or "Provincial Graduate."

Mr. Chang served, from that time on, for a number of years as private tutor to scholars from all over the country. He can count many prominent men as his former pupils.

In 1899, the 25th Year of Emperor Kuang Hsu, the Imperial government held a special examination for high talented men. Mr. Chang was recommended by the Kiangsu authorities to attend it. He passed the