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General Chang Hsi-yuan was born at Miyun Hsien, Metropolitan District of Peking in 1870. He attended school and graduated from the Shanhaikuan Military College. Under the Ching Regime, he served in the army through various ranks and for a time was Commander of the 58th Regiment of the Honan Provincial Army. Afterwards he was promoted to be Commander of the Twenty-Ninth Mixed Brigade. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912, General Chang was appointed Commander of the Ninth Division of the Honan Army. In December 1912 he was made a Lieutenant