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Mr. Hu Ao-kung was born at Chiang-lin Hsien, Hupei Province, in 1885. He graduated from the Chiang Hsu College, Hupei, High Agriculture College, Peiyang; and High Agriculture College, Kiangsi. While a student he joined the revolutionary party and played active parts in the party's movements. During the First Revolution which broke out at Wuchang in October 1911, Mr. Hu was one of the commanding officers of the Hupei Revolutionary Troops. When General Li Yuan-hung was elected Tutu of the Province of Hupei by the revolutionists, Mr. Hu became Chief of the General Affairs Department in the Office of the Tutu or Military Governor. Subsequently Mr. Hu was despatched to the North by General Li Yuan-hung to organize revolutionary forces of which he was later elected Commander-in-Chief. After the establishment of the Republic in 1912 Mr. Hu returned to Hupei and was appointed by the provincial government the Director of the Bureau for devising means of living for the Manchus at Chinchow. In 1913 Mr. Hu was elected a member of the