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General Chang Ching-yao was born at Huo-Ch'iu Hsien, Anhui Province, in 1881. He attended the Military Academy at Paotingfu in his early youth. His military career before the first revolution in 1911 was none too promising. But after the establishment of the Republic of China, he was promoted from one rank to another with rapidity.

From the position of a non-commissioned officer, General Chang was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General in August 1913 and given the brevet rank of Major-General in August 1914. During that period, he commanded the Second Regiment of the Eleventh Brigade of the Sixth Division. A little later he was promoted to be Commander of the Third Mixed Brigade, and at the same time was appointed Garrison Commander