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Mr. Ch'i Yao-shan was born af I-tung Hsien, Kirin Province, in 1867. Through competitive examinations, he became a Chu-jen, Provincial Graduate, in 1889 and a Chih-shih, Metropolitan Graduate, in 1890. He began his career as secretary of the Imperial Chancery and a companion of the Emperor in study. Later the rank of sub-prefect was conferred upon him. Various official positions he held in the Ching regime were as follows: Expectant Prefect of Hupeh, chief secretary to the Governor of Hupeh, chief of the police at Wuchang, Acting Prefect of Ichang, Proctor of the Hupeh Mint, chief secretary of the Hupeh Reorganization Bureau, director of the army Medical College, assistant chief of staff of the army training headquarters in Hupeh, secretary to the Viceroy of Hupeh and Hunan, director of the silver mint in Hupeh, chief Instructor for the Hupeh army training headquarters, chief adjutant of the Southern force in the autumn manoeuvre at Changteh, Honan, director of the Hupeh Reorganization Bureau, director of the Martial Court in