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 it in the Middle Ages. To this end those old coercive methods must be abandoned or relaxed; a certain measure of autonomy in their own provinces must be restored to the Bishops; a more liberal consideration shown towards the religious activity of the laity; sounder tests established in the choice of persons appointed to the supreme direction of her affairs; and in this directing body a wider representation of foreign nations provided for, whereby each may be governed by rules suited to its genius and local requirements.

On the other hand, the demands of science are much more serious. As has already been stated, a change has been wrought in modern intellectual conditions. Our habit of mind is at the opposite pole from that out of which our apologetic was built up. Religion, if it is to be accepted, cannot impose itself by means of a syllogism. It presupposes the rationabile obsequium without which it