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 apart from this there is no real evidence for the presence of Cymry (or of any Britons) between the river Derwent and the river Dee further south than Cartmel below Windermere and the river Leven. That there was a close connexion between the Cymry of ' Cumberland ' and those of Wales is amply evident, but it was maritime and not terrene.

Cadwallon was succeeded by his son Cadwaladr, whose fame is due not to any known merits of his own, but to the imaginative genius of Geoffrey of Monmouth, who in his romantic History of the British Kings makes Cadwaladr the last of his list. The reign of this king becomes in consequence the appropriate finale of a long and glorious era of Welsh history. All this of course is purely fictitious, as Cadwaladr's death marks no known break of any kind in the perfectly clear development of Welsh nationality. Geoffrey's Cadwaladr in fact is a composite personage created out of Geoffrey's own confusion of Cadwaladr and his father, Cadwallon, and Ceadwalla of Wessex. As there were kings in Wales before Cadwaladr, so there were kings, and far greater kings, after him. He died in the second year of the great plague of 664-5, and was succeeded by his son Idwal. Of his