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 cessors in the Saxon and Anglian Bretwaldas ; and lastly the Comes Britanniae in the west protecting the whole of Upper Britain, or, as it was now called, Britannia.

This Britannia, by the withdrawal of the legions from Chester and Caerlleon, became exposed to the incoming of Picts and Scots, which were the general names given by the Romans to the barbarians who dwelt beyond the Wall of Hadrian and in Ireland respectively. Given that a people dwelt beyond the Wall, it would be commonly classed with the Picts whether it was racially Pictish or otherwise. These two peoples entered Britannia from over the water, the Scots invading the west coast and effecting settlements in various districts ; and the Picts starting from due north and landing on the seaboard from Anglesey to the mouth of the river Dee. Owing to the limitation of the term Picts in later times