Page:Ware - The American Vignola, 1920.djvu/15

Rh THE ORDERS

the Classical styles, several varieties of Column and Entablature are in use. These are called the Orders. Each Order, Fig. 34, comprises a Column with Base, Shaft, and Capital, with or without a Pedestal, with its Base, Die, and Cap, and is crowned by an Entablature, consisting of Architrave, Frieze, and Cornice. The Entablature is generally about one-fourth as high as the Column, and the Pedestal one-third, more or less.

The principal member of the Cornice is the Corona, Fig. 35. Above the Corona, the Cornice is regularly terminated by a member originally designed to serve as a gutter to receive the water running down the roof. It generally consists of a large Cyma Recta, though the Ovolo and the Cavetto are often used. It is called the Cymatium, in spite of its large size, and whatever its shape.

The Corona is supported by a Molding or group of Moldings, called the Bed Mold. A row of brackets, termed Blocks, Fig. 36, Modillions, or Mutules, Fig. 37, according to their shape, resting on the Bed Mold and supporting the soffit of the Corona, is often added. At the top of the Architrave is a projecting molding that, when square, is called a Tania, and the face of the Architrave is often broken up into two or three Bands or Fascias, Fig. 38, each of which often carries a small molding as a Cymatium or covering member.

The Abacus of the Capital also has a sort of bed mold beneath it, which, when convex, is called an Echinus, Fig. 39, from the sea shell, Fig. 40, which it resembles in shape. The little Frieze below it is called the Necking. But if the