Page:Walter Renton Ingalls - Wealth and Income of the American People (1924).pdf/40

18 Accelerating. 1. Diminution of percentage of idleness.

2. Increase in ratio of workers to population, as by the increased employment of women.

3. Multiplication of man-power by the increased use of machines, improvement in organization, etc.

Retarding.

1. Increase in percentage of idleness.

2. Decrease in ratio of workers to population.

3. Subtraction of man-power for military service, etc.

4. Decrease in efficiency of labor.

Dr. King throws some light on the subject of the working population over a series of years, in the form of the following estimate of the total number of gainfully employed and of the average number of employees attached to each of the principal industries of the continental United States:

THousANDS OF EMPLOYEES IN THE YEAR

Industry 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Mining.......... 1,068 1,101 1,126 1,142 1,150 Construction..... 1,459 1,475 1,490 1,491 1,482 Hand trades*..... 413 434 450 468 484 Factory®’......... 1,730 7,810 7,970 8,190 8,430 Railway......... 260 272 282 289 293

1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Mining.......... 1,155 1,157 1,150 1,137 1,099 Construction..... 1,312 1,191 1,089 949 158 Hand trades*..... 500 $11 455 505 565 Factory’......... 8,790 9,040 9,628 10,140 10,580 Railway......... 295 297 298 299 300

millinery, shoe repairing, custom grist and saw mills, and other similar minor industries.
 * Includes automobile repairing, blacksmithing, tailoring, dressmaking,

> Includes lumbering and gas manufacture.

In another table he gives an estimate of the ratio of the average number of employees at work to the average