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Rh to which the philosopher, historian, economist and engineer, each looking at things from their own viewpoint, will pronounce assent. Mr. Wiggam formulated these warnings.

The first warning that biology gives to statesmanship is that mankind is going backward; that the civilized nations of the world are biologically plunging downward;…that your vast efforts to improve man’s lot, instead of improving man, are hastening the hour of his destruction…You defy nature with your civilization. Evolution is a bloody business, but civilization tries to make it a pink tea… When you take man out of the bloody, brutal, but beneficient, hand of natural selection, you place him in the soft, perfumed, daintily gloved, but far more dangerous, hand of artificial selection.

The second warning of biology is brief and simple: that heredity, and not environment, is the maker of men;…that the differences among men are due to the differences in the germ-cells from which they are born; that social classes, which you seek to abolish, are ordained by nature; that it is not the slums that make slum-people, but slum-people that make the slums.

The third warning of biology is that your philanthropy and your noble-hearted, soft-headed, schemes for ameliorating the conditions of life have failed and will fail to improve the race, and are, in fact, hastening its deterioration. You fondly believe that you can speed up evolution with cakes and cream for the unfit. Nature has progressed by letting the devil take the hindmost. But your method is to increase the number of the hindmost.

The fourth warning of biology is that medicine, hygiene, sanitation, and your efforts to call mental and physical soundness out of the vacuum of nowhere, instead of upbuilding by selection the boundless health, energy, and sanity that are already in the stream of human protoplasm, are weakening and will weaken the human breed…Vice and disease purify the race because they kill the weak and vicious…Your intentions are good, but in the end nature herself will damn your judgment.

The fifth warning of biology is that morals, education, art, and religion will not directly improve the inborn righteousness, educability, or artistic and religious capacity of the human race…The more you “improve” the environment of plants, animals, or men without selection, the more do they deteriorate…Stupidity begets stupidity, and intelligence begets brains; but a thousand years of educating or improving the parents will never “improve” the children. In short, “Wooden legs are not inherited, but wooden heads are.”

Politicians deferring to the wishes of an ignorant populace, philanthropologists carried away by their sentimental emotions, and socialists infatuated with