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Rh In the meanwhile great economic evils are undermining the whole structure. In capturing a greater share of the produce of industry town labor does not get it only from what are technically called property and management, but it robs the farmers, and shopkeepers who theoretically are capitalists. Moreover, the stronger classes of town labor prey upon the weaker of the proletariat. This upheaval of what used to be a delicate economic organization is in itself of ominous portent. But the people who capture an increased share of the produce of industry and proceed to make merry with it commit other crimes. In order to be merry there must be more leisure, i.e., shorter hours per week. More labor must be diverted to service and to the provision of pleasures. Many men refuse to do the disagreeable jobs that have to be done and that they used to do. In short, although we can not prove this statistically, there is the strongest kind of reason to believe that the 40 per cent of our population who constitute our workers do not put in so many hours of work per annum in 1923 as they did in 1913. We may be blind to the effects of this, not seeing that it is at the expense of savings—the provision of capital goods—that are going to be needed in coming years and at the cost of impairment of old property which we are neglecting to keep up.

However, industrial management feels much evil effect right away and makes frantic efforts to improve methods so as to counteract the consequences of the determination of labor to eat all of the cake of the old size and let consideration of the future go hang. In other words management is desperate in its efforts to make a bigger cake and preserve a necessary surplus