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the most northern of the coast taluks of the district and is divided from Ganjám by the Lángulya river. It is perhaps the least picturesque part of the whole district. The coast, which further south is relieved by bold hills and headlands, is here flat and uninteresting, and the centre of the taluk is an undulating plain, sparsely dotted with small, bare hills. It is, however, carefully cultivated, and in the dry weather, when elsewhere there is little crop on the ground, the patches of ragi, tobacco and chillies under its numerous wells give it a flourishing appearance.

Among the few places of interest in it are the following:—

Chipurupalle: A union of 2,916 inhabitants, the headquarters of the taluk and a railway-station. Though now unimportant, it seems to have been of some note in days gone by, as it contains the remains of what was once a considerable fort, bricks of ancient pattern are often dug up round this, and in 1867 three sets of copper sásanams were found in the village, one of which records a grant by Vishnuvardhana I of the Eastern Chálukya dynasty, who flourished from 615 to 633 A.D.1

Garugubilli: Five miles north of Chipurupalle. About two miles west of it is a hill with three peaks, in the northernmost of which, Dévudukonda, is an odd natural cave which is reached by a passage through the hill some 30 feet long, and is about 10 feet in diameter. Out of it lead two other chambers accessible with the help of a ladder. In this cave is a stone which is supposed to be a lingam and in the month of Kártigam people flock to do pújá to it.

Gujarátipéta: A village of 1,272 inhabitants on the bank of the Lángulya facing Chicacole, with which it is connected by a masonry road bridge of 24 spans which was built in 1854, partly washed away in the cyclone of 1876 (see p. 154) and repaired in 1886. Being outside the municipal limits of Chicacole, it is a favourite haunt of gamblers of that town who wish to avoid the attentions of the police. The village is said to get its name from the circumstance that it was founded many years ago by a number of Gujaráti Bráhmans who traded in precious