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VlZAGAPATAM. (1) All irrigation under the Nágávali channels; under tanks directly fed by them and rain-fed tanks of eight months' supply and upwards; under the Suvarnamukhi; and under the Godári anicut on the Sárada and the Kondakarla áva supplied there from (see p. 105);

(2) Irrigation under the other Sárada channels, the Varáha channels, tanks indirectly fed by the Nágávali channels, rain-fed tanks of five to eight months' capacity, the hill streams Vottigedda, Jamparakótagedda, Malligedda, Potulagedda, Onigedda and Boddéru, and the Komaravólu áva;

(3) Irrigation under rain-fed tanks of from three to five months' capacity and ordinary hill streams; and

(4) Irrigation under tanks of less than three months capacity and drainage sources.

The crops taken as standards for estimating out turns were paddy for all wet land, and, for dry land, ragi in Pálkonda and cambu and ragi in conjunction (in the proportion of two to one)for Golgonda and Sarvasiddhi. The commonest dry crop in Pálkonda was indigo, which was grown in such large quantities for the supply of Messrs. Arbuthnot and Co.'s factories that it occupied nearly half of all the dry land, but it was considered unsuitable as a standard crop. The out turn'of paddy was estimated (on the basis of experiments made in other districts) to range, according to the nature of the soil and irrigation, from 400 to 1,000 Madras measures per acre; of cambu, from 130 such measures to 400; and of ragi from 140 to 375 measures. These out turns were commuted into money at a rate based upon the average of the prices prevailing during the 20 non-famine years immediately preceding the year of settlement, and the result was reduced by 15 per cent, to allow for cartage to markets and merchants' profits. The commutation rates thus arrived at worked out to Rs. 105 for paddy, Rs. 114 for cambu, and Rs. 126 for ragi, per Madras garce of 3,200 Madras measures. From the value of the crop so obtained, the expenses of cultivation (which were calculated to be one-third more than those of Ganjám in the case of wet land and one-fifth more in that of dry) were deducted, and in addition a further reduction of one-fifth was made on both wet and dry land to allow for vicissitudes of season and the inclusion within the survey fields of unprofitable areas, such as paths, banks, and small channels. The remainder was assumed to be the net yield per acre, and half of this was taken as the Government share. 174