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 In the Second division of the district there were at this time the sixteen ancient zamindaris named in the margin. These were handed over to their existing owners at a total peshkash of Rs. 8,02,580 per annum. Little was then known of Jeypore and the other hill zamindaris, and their peshkash was fixed very low. Even in 1819, Mr. Thackeray, the well-known Member of the Board of Revenue, dismissed them from detailed consideration as heing ' a wide tract of hill and jungle, inhabited by uncivilized and indeed unconquered barbarians: their climate and their poverty have secured them from conquest. No great native Government ever seems to have thought this tract worth conquering. It has been left as a waste corner of the earth to wild beasts and Conds. Nobody seems even to know the boundary. This tract has never been explored : there is a blank left here in the maps.' In the Third division twenty estates were carved out of the Chicacole and Tekkali havíli land, of which the six in the margin are now included in this district. The peshkash on these was fixed at Rs. 67,931 and they were sold by auction for Rs. 84,589. The Rája of Vizianagram bought Kuppili, Honzarám and Siripuram.

Early in 1803, the Parlákimedi estate and the Tekkali havíli land were transferred to Ganjám, the southern boundary of which became the last part of the course of the Lángulya, and the Vizagapatam district, consisting of the sixteen zamindaris and twenty-three proprietary estates mentioned above, was put in charge of a single Collector. Its boundaries have not since undergone any noteworthy change except by the transfer to Gódávari of the Uppáda estate and of the Dutsarti and Guditéru muttas of Golgonda after the Rampa rebellion referred to on p. 250 below.

As has already been narrated in Chapter II above, the general results of the permanent settlement were disappointing. The new system took no account of the abrupt change it necessarily effected in the position of the zamindars, who were reduced at one stroke from the position of feudatory chiefs to that of farmers