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VIZAGAPATAM. rude sledge made of two bamboos tied together at one end and fitted with a yoke at the other, between which is placed a large basket. The contrivance is palled along by cattle, and is called sarugudu.

A list of the travellers' bungalows in the district, with parti-culars of the accommodation available in each, will be found in the separate Appendix to this volume. The local boards maintain eighteen chattrams for native travellers, five of which possess small endowments. In Vizagapatam town, near the old paradeground, is 'the Turner Chattram' founded in 1894 as a memorial of Mr. H. G. Turner, Collector and Agent from 1881 to 1889. The site was the gift of the late Mahárája Sir Gajapati Rao and the Rs. 33,000 spent on the building was raised by public subscription. In April 1898 the institution was handed over to the municipal council, which now administers it.

The district is traversed from south to north by a broad-gauge line which was built by the State and is now worked as far as Waltair by the Madras Railway Co., and from thence onwards by the Bengal-Nagpur Railway Co. The former section (61 miles) was opened to traffic in 1893 and the latter (76 miles)in the following year. This line enters the district at Páyakaraopéta by a bridge of four spans of 100 feet across the river which forms the boundary between Vizagapatam and Gódávari, and passes to Anakápalle (crossing the Sárada on a bridge of six spans of 100 feet), Waltair, and the beach at Vizagapatam. Returning on its tracks for a short distance, it makes a détour to avoid the Simháchalam hills and goes on over the Góstani (five spans of 100 feet) to Vizianagram and thence across the Champávati near Nellimarla (four similar spans) to the boundary of the district on the Lángulya river opposite Chicacole. Another line, which has long been projected, was first surveyed in 1881, and is at last to be actually begun is that from Vizianagram to Raipur in the Central Provinces, viá Gajapatinagaram, Bobbili, Párvatípur, Ráyagada and the Kalyána Singapur valley, through the gháts near Satikóna by a tunnel 1,000 feet long and 1,388 feet above the sea, and so into the Central Provinces by the valley of the Tél river. The length in this district will be 133 miles. The original 1881 survey was made by Mr. K. F. Nordmann and his report (G.O,, No. 2366, Public Works, dated 13th September 1882) stated that the difference between the cost of following the above route and of carrying the line by the alternative alignment up the Pottangi ghát, down to Jeypore, and thence northwards viá Nauraugpur was slightly 144