Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/99

 III. Accent. Accentuation of Nominal Stems. 89

29. The suffix -iha, forming ordinals from a few numerals and adjectives of a cognate sense from pronominal stems, is nearly always accented: thus cattir-thd-^ (AV.) 'fourth', sas-tM- (AV. VS.) -'sixth', kati-ihi- 'the how-maniest' ; but saptd-tha- 'seventh'.

30. The rare derivatives formed with the suffix -na are accented either on the first or the last syllable: strdi-na- 'feminine' {stri- 'woman'), visu-na- 'various'j hwt pur a-nd-^ 'ancient', sama-nd- 'like'.

31. With the suffix -bha^ are formed the names of a few 'animals with one exception accented on the final syllable: rsa-bhd- and vrsa-bhd- 'bull', garda-bhd- 'ass', sara-bhd- {KS[. VS.) 'fabulous eight-legged animal'^ rasa-bha- 'ass'. This suffix also occurs once in the adjective sthula-bhd- (AV.) 'big'.

32. The suffix -ma is regularly accented, whether forming superlatives; t.g. adka-md- 'lowest', madhya-md- 'middle-most', or ordinals; e.g. asta-md- 'eighth'. An exception is dnta-ma-^ 'next'.

33. Derivatives formed with the suffix -mant retain the accent of the primitive, unless the latter is oxytone, when the accent in the great majority of instances (about three-fourths) is thrown forward on the suffix; e. g. osadhi- mant- (AV.) 'rich in herbs', asdni-mant- 'bearing the thunderbolt'; but agni- mdnt- 'having fire' iagni-).

34. The suffix -maya is always accented on the first syllable; e. g. ayas- mdya- 'made of metal', go-mdya- 'consisting of cows', saka-mdya- 'arising from excrement'.

35. The suffix -min is accented (like -in) in the only two derivatives formed with it: is-min- 'impetuous', and rg-min- 'jubilant with praise' {rc^.

36. The rare suffix -mna is always accented: dyu-mnd- 'brightness', nr-mnd- 'manliness', ni-mnd- 'depth', su-mnd- 'welfare'.

37. Derivatives formed with the suffix -ya and Vrddhi accent the initial or the final syllable with the same shift as appears in those formed with -a: the initial, when the primitive is accented on the final (or some- times a medial) syllable, but the final, when the primitive is accented on the initial (or sometimes a medial syllable); e. g. ddiv-ya- 'divine' {devd- 'god'), artvij-ya- 'office of priest' {rtvtj-), garhapat-ya- 'position of a householder' {grhd-pati-); but adit-yd- 'son of Aditi', prajapat-yd- (AV.) 'relating to Prajapati'. In a very few instances the accent remains unchanged, as adhipat-ya- 'lord- ship' {adhi-pati- 'lord'), pdums-ya- 'manhness' {pt'ims- 'maif), vdis-ya- 'man of the third caste' {vis- 'settler'), srdisth-ya- (AV.) 'superiority' {sristha- 'best'); while in several instances it shifts from the final syllable to the suffix (instead of to the initial syllable); e. g. kav-yd- 'descendant of Kavi' (but kiv-ya- 'endowed with the qualities of a sage', kavi-).

a. In derivatives formed without Vrddhi the accentuation is to some extent similar; thus a final accent shifts to the first syllable; e. g. in pitr-ya- 'belonging to the fathers' {pitf-), prdtijan-ya- 'adverse' {prati-jand- 'adversary' AV.); or from the first to the last; e. g. gram-yi- 'belonging to the village' {grima-) ; or it remains on the first syllable ; e. g. dv-ya- 'belonging to sheep' (dvi-), gdv-ya- 'derived from cows' {go-); or it shifts from the final syllable to the suffix (instead of the first syllable); e. g. kav-yd- 'wise' {kavi-). But here the accent may also remain on or be shifted to a medial syllable; e. g. svaraj-ya- 'autocracy' {svarij- 'sovereign'), visvddev-ya- 'belonging to all gods' {visvd-deva-) hiranyd-ya- 'golden' {hiranya- 'gold'), avyd-ya- 'derived from sheep' (beside avya-ya-), gavyd-ya- 'derived from cows' (beside gdvya-).

I Cp. BB. 28, 318, bottom. ' Cp. Preli.witz, BB. 22, 74—114, on animal names in -bha.

3 But antamehhik (I. 165S).